A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to store instructions executable by a processor of an electronic device to access a beam migration image of a subsurface target. In addition, the computer-readable medium is configured to store instructions executable by a processor of an electronic device to determine a decomposition criteria based on at least one of subsurface dip inclinations, subsurface dip azimuths, or a combination thereof. Further, the computer-readable medium is configured to store instructions executable by a processor of an electronic device to decompose the beam migration image into a plurality of partial images according to the decomposition criteria to provide various views of the subsurface target. The plurality of partial images are usable by seismic interpreters in exploration for hydrocarbons within the subsurface target.

A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to store instructions executable by a processor of an electronic device to access a beam migration image of a subsurface target. In addition, the computer-readable medium is configured to store instructions executable by a processor of an electronic device to determine a decomposition criteria based on at least one of subsurface dip inclinations, subsurface dip azimuths, or a combination thereof. Further, the computer-readable medium is configured to store instructions executable by a processor of an electronic device to decompose the beam migration image into a plurality of partial images according to the decomposition criteria to provide various views of the subsurface target. The plurality of partial images are usable by seismic interpreters in exploration for hydrocarbons within the subsurface target.

A method of redatuming geophysical data, wherein there is provided multi-component geophysical data, and the method includes obtaining at least one focussing function and/or at least one Green's function from the multi-component geophysical data.

Systems and methods for attenuating multiples in seismic data are presented. In one aspect, predicted surface-related multiples are calculated for seismic data generated by receivers in a marine survey. Estimates of primaries and multiples may be calculated by applying adaptive subtraction to the predicted surface-related multiples. Residual multiples present in the estimated primaries may be identified using multiple diffraction reduction. The residual multiples and estimated multiples are used to generate final estimated multiples that are subtracted from the seismic data to generate primaries with attenuated multiples.

Methods and systems for processing data acquired using a variable-depth streamer, obtain up-going and down-going wavefields at a predetermined datum, and use them to identify multiples included in the up-going wavefield. An image of a geological formation under the seabed is then generated using the data from which the multiples have been removed, and/or the multiples.

This disclosure is directed to methods and systems to evaluate noise contend of seismic data received during a marine survey. The seismic data includes pressure and particle motion data generated by collocated pressure and particle motion sensors of a seismic data acquisition system. The pressure and particle motion data are cross ghosted and temporal and spatial wavelet transforms are applied to the cross-ghosted pressure and particle motion data in order to compute pressure energies and particle motion energies in temporal and spatial scales of a temporal and spatial scale domain. The pressure and particle motion energies may be compared to evaluate noise content in the pressure and particle motion data, evaluate changes in the noise content during the marine survey, and adjust marine survey parameters to reduce the noise content.

This disclosure is directed to methods and systems to evaluate noise contend of seismic data received during a marine survey. The seismic data includes pressure and particle motion data generated by collocated pressure and particle motion sensors of a seismic data acquisition system. The pressure and particle motion data are cross ghosted and temporal and spatial wavelet transforms are applied to the cross-ghosted pressure and particle motion data in order to compute pressure energies and particle motion energies in temporal and spatial scales of a temporal and spatial scale domain. The pressure and particle motion energies may be compared to evaluate noise content in the pressure and particle motion data, evaluate changes in the noise content during the marine survey, and adjust marine survey parameters to reduce the noise content.

A method for obtaining zero-offset and near zero offset seismic data from a marine survey, with separation of direct arrival information and reflectivity information, the method including: modeling a direct arrival estimate at a passive near-field hydrophone array by using a notional source separation on active near-field hydrophone data; generating reflection data for the passive near-field hydrophone array by subtraction of the modeled direct wave from data recorded by the passive near-field hydrophone array; generating near zero-offset reflectivity traces by stacking the reflection data for the passive near-field hydrophone array on a string-by-string basis or on a combination of strings basis; generating reflectivity information at the active near-field hydrophone array by subtracting the direct arrival estimate modeled using the notional source separation from the active near-field hydrophone data; and generating an estimate of zero-offset reflectivity traces by calculating a cross-correlation between the between the reflectivity information at the active near-field hydrophone array and the near zero-offset traces and performing an optimized stacking with summation weights based on coefficients of the cross-correlation.

Methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations for suppressing seafloor geophone seismic data noise. A computing system applies a vertical geophone de-noise process to enhance a compressional wave signal that is free from (independent of) shear energy leakage. This enhances the signal to noise (S/N) ratio of the vertical geophone component and concurrently make the vertical geophone component consistent with a hydrophone component.

Methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations for suppressing seafloor geophone seismic data noise. A computing system applies a vertical geophone de-noise process to enhance a compressional wave signal that is free from (independent of) shear energy leakage. This enhances the signal to noise (S/N) ratio of the vertical geophone component and concurrently make the vertical geophone component consistent with a hydrophone component.