Depth of a top (24) and bottom (28) of an under water mud layer (26) are measured as a function of position from acoustical scattering measurement. The measurement involves transmitting sound from a transmitter (12) in a body of water (22) above the mud layer (26), using a higher and lower frequency range, above 100 kHz and below 20 kHz respectively. A higher frequency signal due to scattering of the sound in the higher frequency range from scatter positions along a selected horizontal direction is detected as a function of time from said transmitting, and a first depth, of a top surface (24) of the under water mud layer (26), is computed using this signal. A plurality of received lower frequency signals due to scattering of the sound in the lower frequency range is detected at different height in the body of water (22). A time shift as a function of time between temporal parts of the plurality of received lower frequency signals is determined in the plurality of received lower frequency signals, and a second depth of a bottom surface (28) of the under water mud layer is computed based on the time shifts.

A method, and system to implement the process, of selecting a plurality of sets of source and receiver locations over a survey area, modeling on a subsurface attribute model of a subterranean region each source and receiver pair of the plurality of sets of source and receiver locations to generate low frequency seismic data, performing a reverse time migration on the low frequency seismic data to reposition diving wave energy of each source and receiver pair of the plurality of sets of source and receiver locations to generate a diving wave illumination image, extracting seismic amplitudes from the diving wave illumination image at a region of interest, and computing a contribution of a respective diving wave from each source and receiver pair of the plurality of sets of source and receiver locations to diving waves passing through the region of interest.

A seismic data acquisition positioning apparatus is provided. The apparatus can include a seismic data acquisition unit. The unit can include a case having an internal compartment. The unit can include a power source, a clock, a seismic data recorder, a control unit, and at least one sensor disposed within the case. The apparatus can include a hanging unit including a beacon unit. The apparatus can include a connector having a first end coupled with the seismic data acquisition unit and having a second end coupled with the hanging unit. The connector can pivot about the first end of the connector.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for echo-deblending using coincidence-filtering of offshore seismic data. In one aspect, a method includes receiving an offshore seismic dataset of a surveyed subsurface, the offshore seismic dataset comprising a primary-wave signal and a ghost-wave signal; determining a forward extrapolation and a backward extrapolation for the offshore seismic dataset; determining a coincident signal by applying a coincidence filtering to the forward extrapolation and the backward extrapolation; extrapolating the coincident signal to determine a ghost-wave value for the ghost-wave signal; applying adaptive subtraction to the offshore seismic dataset with the ghost-wave value to determine a computed primary-wave value for the primary-wave signal; generating a model of the surveyed subsurface based on primary-wave data calculated from the offshore seismic dataset based on the computed primary-wave value; and evaluating a productivity of the surveyed subsurface according to the model.

Systems and methods for determining object location may include a memory and a processor. The processor may be configured to collect seismic data and geophysical data to determine object location. The processor may be configured to determine one or more seismic attributes associated with a plurality types of noises based on the seismic data and the geophysical data using one or more machine learning algorithms. The processor may be configured to eliminate unwanted noises from noise classifications based on the one or more seismic attributes. The processor may be configured to predict the object location by comparing time and velocity data of the object with recorded timing and velocity data. The processor may be configured to validate the object location by comparing the determined noise with image data. The systems and methods may be used in, for example, detecting missing planes such as Malaysian Airlines Flight 370.

A method for determining subsurface hydrocarbon fluid properties of reservoired hydrocarbons having a hydrocarbon seep involves locating a hydrocarbon seep at a seabed location where hydrocarbon is actively flowing out of the seabed. A sample of hydrocarbons is collected from the hydrocarbon seep. Physical, transport and/or thermodynamic fluid properties of reservoired hydrocarbons are determined from the sample of hydrocarbons.

A computer-implemented method includes the following. A frequency sweep using sweep parameters is emitted from a vibratory seismic source into geological layers. The sweep parameters include frequencies and modulation parameters for seismic waves. Signals are received from one or more sensors. The signals include seismic data acquisition information, including values identifying energy reflected back from boundaries where rock properties change. A determination is made regarding which of the reflected seismic waves are attenuated. The determination uses an integral transform and a thresholding algorithm for image segmentation. Optimum sweep parameters are determined based on the reflected seismic values that are attenuated and updated to compensate for local geology effects. The emitting, receiving, determining attenuation, determining optimum parameters, and updating are repeated until the received signals are determined to be satisfactory.

Embodiments may be directed to marine geophysical surveying and associated methods. At least one embodiment may be directed to incorporation of a lock mechanism in a sensor streamer that interlocks the outer jacket with one or more of the spacers to prevent relative rotation between the outer jacket. An embodiment may provide a sensor streamer that includes an outer jacket, a plurality of spacers, and a locking mechanism. The outer jacket may be elongated in an axial direction and comprise an outer jacket surface and an inner jacket surface. The plurality of spacers may be positioned in the outer jacket at spaced apart locations in the axial direction, wherein each of the plurality of spacers comprises a spacer body having an outer spacer surface. The locking mechanism may interlock the outer jacket with at least one of the plurality of spacers.

A vessel system includes a hull configured to provide buoyancy, one or more seismic sources configured to generate seismic energy, and a deployment apparatus configured to deploy the seismic sources from the hull to a water body or water column. A control system can be configured to operate the deployment apparatus, in order to deploy the seismic sources.

The present invention concerns a system for marine seismographic data acquisition, in particular for use in survey design. The invention provides a method for marine seismographic acquisition whereby subsea data and information can be collected using sea floor receivers and suspended receivers simultaneously. This is achieved by aligning the geometries of the two acquisition techniques and utilizing a system of wide-towed seismic sources that produce seismic energy on all the source point locations required to fulfil both acquisition methods.