Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations including: receiving seismic data acquired by at least one receiver of a geologic survey system configured to perform a geologic survey of a subterranean formation, wherein the seismic data is associated with reflected acoustic signals generated by at least one source of the geologic survey system; calculating a ground force signal by stacking the acoustic signals generated by the least one source; calculating, using the ground force signal, a time and depth variant quality factor (Q) of the subterranean formation; and compensating, based on the time and depth variant Q, attenuation in the seismic data.

Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations including: receiving seismic data acquired by at least one receiver of a geologic survey system configured to perform a geologic survey of a subterranean formation, wherein the seismic data is associated with reflected acoustic signals generated by at least one source of the geologic survey system; calculating a ground force signal by stacking the acoustic signals generated by the least one source; calculating, using the ground force signal, a time and depth variant quality factor (Q) of the subterranean formation; and compensating, based on the time and depth variant Q, attenuation in the seismic data.

The present disclosure relates to a fracturing system comprising a functional unit, an electricity supply unit, and an energy storage unit. The functional unit is configured to perform procedures of fracturing operations. The electricity supply unit is electrically connected with the functional unit and is configured to supply electrical energy to the functional unit. The energy storage unit is respectively electrically connected with the electricity supply unit and the functional unit, and is configured to store electrical energy from the electricity supply unit and supply electrical energy to the functional unit.

The present disclosure relates to a fracturing system comprising a functional unit, an electricity supply unit, and an energy storage unit. The functional unit is configured to perform procedures of fracturing operations. The electricity supply unit is electrically connected with the functional unit and is configured to supply electrical energy to the functional unit. The energy storage unit is respectively electrically connected with the electricity supply unit and the functional unit, and is configured to store electrical energy from the electricity supply unit and supply electrical energy to the functional unit.

In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to generate a parent population, wherein each member of the parent population includes a set of model parameters describing a layer model of the geological formation; to execute a perturbation algorithm to generate subsequent child populations, from the parent population, until a termination criterion is met; to provide a plurality of solutions based on at least one member of the parent population and on at least one member of each child population; and to control a drilling operation based on a revised layer model that has been generated based on a selected one of the plurality of solutions. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to generate a parent population, wherein each member of the parent population includes a set of model parameters describing a layer model of the geological formation; to execute a perturbation algorithm to generate subsequent child populations, from the parent population, until a termination criterion is met; to provide a plurality of solutions based on at least one member of the parent population and on at least one member of each child population; and to control a drilling operation based on a revised layer model that has been generated based on a selected one of the plurality of solutions. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

In one embodiment, the invention utilizes computer models to calculate predicted spectral estimates that may be encountered during a hydraulic fracturing operation. Seismic events generated by hydraulic fracturing are mapped and displayed upon a graphic user interface. Spectral attributes of selected seismic wave field data from the fracture operation are derived and compared to predicted spectral estimates that match one or more characteristics of the formation. The comparison may be utilized to generate a predicted hydrocarbon content for the fracture zone of the formation and to adjust or alter the hydraulic fracturing operation in order to maximize hydrocarbon recovery.

In one embodiment, the invention utilizes computer models to calculate predicted spectral estimates that may be encountered during a hydraulic fracturing operation. Seismic events generated by hydraulic fracturing are mapped and displayed upon a graphic user interface. Spectral attributes of selected seismic wave field data from the fracture operation are derived and compared to predicted spectral estimates that match one or more characteristics of the formation. The comparison may be utilized to generate a predicted hydrocarbon content for the fracture zone of the formation and to adjust or alter the hydraulic fracturing operation in order to maximize hydrocarbon recovery.

Hybrid seismic inversion methods and apparatuses perform wave equation inversion and stochastic inversion to generate one or more final models for the reservoir characterization of the survey region. A method may include retrieving seismic data using seismic data recording sensors; storing the seismic data in the database; retrieving well data using the well born sensor in the wellbore; storing the seismic data in the database; storing geology integration information and one or more background models in the database; retrieving the seismic data and processing the seismic data to mitigate the seismic data for a seismic hybrid inversion; and performing the seismic hybrid inversion including performing wave equation inversion and stochastic inversion to generate the one or more final models for the reservoir characterization of the survey region.

A workflow using techniques for improving signal-to-noise ratio and decreasing interferences for Low-Frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing is described.