An autonomous marking apparatus comprising a propulsion system, a location sensor, a payload assembly, one or more marking sensors, a transceiver, a data store, and a processor. The location sensor is arranged to determine the location of the apparatus. The payload assembly is arranged to carry a payload of marking material. The one or more marking sensors are arranged to scan an area in proximity to the apparatus. The transceiver is arranged to exchange data with a remote server via a data network. The data store is arranged to store a portion of the data. The processor is arranged to receive data from the location sensor, the one or more marking sensors, and from the transceiver. The processor is also arranged to send data to the transceiver and control the delivery of the payload at the location of the apparatus.

Method for semi-airborne electromagnetic prospecting for hydrocarbons or other fluids or minerals. In the method, electromagnetic receivers are deployed on the Earth's surface over a subsurface region (71). An airborne electromagnetic transmitter is flown over the receivers (72) and the receivers record at least one component of electromagnetic field data excited by the transmitter (73). The recorded electromagnetic data are analyzed for subsurface resistivity (74), and the resistivity is interpreted for evidence of hydrocarbons or other fluids or minerals (75). Compared to traditional fully airborne surveys, the advantages of the method include better signal-to-noise, and data for multiple source-receiver offsets.

The invention discloses an air-ground integrated geomagnetic field combined observation method and system. The method comprises the following steps of validating local geomagnetic field model parameters using the geomagnetic field data collected by a mobile earth station before the geomagnetic field survey mission is executed; getting a dynamic model along the flight path using the geomagnetic field data collected by the airborne console over the flight path and the model parameters when the geomagnetic field survey mission is executed; getting a measuring error model along the flight path using the attitude measuring error obtained by the airborne console when the aircraft flies as per the preset attitude; getting the estimation of the geomagnetic field data collected over the flight path in a geographic coordinate frame using the dynamic model and the measuring error model. In the invention, the measuring accuracy of a geomagnetic field vector expressed in the geographic coordinate frame can be improved, and the geomagnetic field anomaly detection can be implemented.

The invention discloses an air-ground integrated geomagnetic field combined observation method and system. The method comprises the following steps of validating local geomagnetic field model parameters using the geomagnetic field data collected by a mobile earth station before the geomagnetic field survey mission is executed; getting a dynamic model along the flight path using the geomagnetic field data collected by the airborne console over the flight path and the model parameters when the geomagnetic field survey mission is executed; getting a measuring error model along the flight path using the attitude measuring error obtained by the airborne console when the aircraft flies as per the preset attitude; getting the estimation of the geomagnetic field data collected over the flight path in a geographic coordinate frame using the dynamic model and the measuring error model. In the invention, the measuring accuracy of a geomagnetic field vector expressed in the geographic coordinate frame can be improved, and the geomagnetic field anomaly detection can be implemented.

A system for locating an underground line. The system uses a self-propelled autonomous antenna, processor and propulsion system. The antenna detects a magnetic field from an underground line and generates an antenna signal. The processor is programmed to receive the antenna signal and generate a command signal. The propulsion system receives the command signal and moves the antenna along a length of the underground line, allowing the processor to map the same.

A system for locating an underground line. The system uses a self-propelled autonomous antenna, processor and propulsion system. The antenna detects a magnetic field from an underground line and generates an antenna signal. The processor is programmed to receive the antenna signal and generate a command signal. The propulsion system receives the command signal and moves the antenna along a length of the underground line, allowing the processor to map the same.

A long offset land seismic survey spread includes a plurality of sensors within an area thereby defining a sensor receiver patch, a plurality of long offset sensor receivers outside of the receiver patch thereby surrounding the receiver patch and defining a sensor long offset area that is fee from sensor receivers that also defines a distance separating an external border of the sensor receiver patch and the long offset sensor receivers being a minimum offset distance that is a long offset distance.

A long offset land seismic survey spread includes a plurality of sensors within an area thereby defining a sensor receiver patch, a plurality of long offset sensor receivers outside of the receiver patch thereby surrounding the receiver patch and defining a sensor long offset area that is fee from sensor receivers that also defines a distance separating an external border of the sensor receiver patch and the long offset sensor receivers being a minimum offset distance that is a long offset distance.

The invention discloses a semi-airborne time domain electromagnetic exploration system for an unmanned aerial vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of geophysical electromagnetic exploration. The system comprises a ground high-power electromagnetic field source emission subsystem, a semi-airborne time domain electromagnetic exploration and observation subsystem and a data processing interpretation software subsystem, wherein the ground high-power electromagnetic field source emission subsystem comprises an IGBT full bridge, a PWM control circuit, a rectification filter circuit and a protection circuit; the semi-airborne time domain electromagnetic exploration and observation subsystem comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a receiving coil and a receiver; the data processing interpretation software subsystem comprises a system function module and a bottom layer supporting module, and the bottom layer supporting module is used for providing a universal performance function for the system function module. The system adopts a grounding line source, is relatively easy to arrange, supplies large current to the ground, is large in detection depth, makes the receiving coil fly in the form of a serpentine line parallel to a wire source, can maintain an equal offset distance of each measuring line, and makes data processing and inversion interpretation relatively simple.

The invention discloses a semi-airborne time domain electromagnetic exploration system for an unmanned aerial vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of geophysical electromagnetic exploration. The system comprises a ground high-power electromagnetic field source emission subsystem, a semi-airborne time domain electromagnetic exploration and observation subsystem and a data processing interpretation software subsystem, wherein the ground high-power electromagnetic field source emission subsystem comprises an IGBT full bridge, a PWM control circuit, a rectification filter circuit and a protection circuit; the semi-airborne time domain electromagnetic exploration and observation subsystem comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a receiving coil and a receiver; the data processing interpretation software subsystem comprises a system function module and a bottom layer supporting module, and the bottom layer supporting module is used for providing a universal performance function for the system function module. The system adopts a grounding line source, is relatively easy to arrange, supplies large current to the ground, is large in detection depth, makes the receiving coil fly in the form of a serpentine line parallel to a wire source, can maintain an equal offset distance of each measuring line, and makes data processing and inversion interpretation relatively simple.