When a medium detector detects that a state where a medium is absent is switched to a state where the medium is present with a light quantity of the medium detector set to a first light quantity, a controller in an image reading apparatus switches the light quantity from the first light quantity to a second light quantity, which is larger than the first light quantity. When a quantity of the light received by the medium detector exceeds a threshold, the controller determines whether the media overlaps each other, based on the detection result of the multi-feed detector. When the quantity of the light received does not exceed the threshold, the controller skips the determination of whether the media overlaps each other.

The present disclosure provides systems and techniques for determining whether a user is holding a gun. The gun may include a sensor, such as a laser proximity sensor, a capacitive proximity sensor, a load cell, an accelerometer, or a biometric sensor, and the gun may determine whether a user is holding the gun based on an output generated by the sensor. A processor housed in the gun may identify activation of a proximity sensor, determine that a user is holding the gun based on the activation of the proximity sensor, and perform an action in response to determining that the user is holding the gun. The action performed by the processor may include performing a boot procedure, performing a health check procedure, visually indicating state information about the gun, audibly indicating state information about the gun, or tactilely indicating state information about the gun.

A toilet seat apparatus according to an embodiment is a toilet seat apparatus to be placed on an upper part of a toilet bowl, the toilet seat apparatus including: a toilet seat on which a user sits; a light emitting unit that emits light; and a light receiving unit that receives light; first memory that stores data received by the light receiving unit; and an arithmetic processing device that executes transfer of data received by the light receiving unit to the first memory, and analysis and deletion of data stored in the first memory, in which the arithmetic processing device transfers the data received by the light receiving unit to the first memory, and deletes the data temporarily stored in the first memory when the data has been analyzed to be data that is not data based on the reflected light from falling feces.

A sliding cover for a liquid delivery device, such as a cap (100) for a pen injector (200), incorporates a set of sensors including an optical sensor (110) with an output which changes during uncapping or capping motions on passing of a plunger (220) of the pen injector. This output is used together with a position sensor (120) to determine the position of the plunger along a cylinder (210) of the liquid delivery device. By monitoring changes in the plunger position, the quantity of dosages delivered by the liquid delivery device can be determined, displayed, stored and/or transmitted to an external device for further data processing or storage. Preferred implementations of the invention employ optical sensors with a converging beam (115), and/or position sensors employing linear potentiometer strips (132).

A sliding cover for a liquid delivery device, such as a cap (100) for a pen injector (200), incorporates a set of sensors including an optical sensor (110) with an output which changes during uncapping or capping motions on passing of a plunger (220) of the pen injector. This output is used together with a position sensor (120) to determine the position of the plunger along a cylinder (210) of the liquid delivery device. By monitoring changes in the plunger position, the quantity of dosages delivered by the liquid delivery device can be determined, displayed, stored and/or transmitted to an external device for further data processing or storage. Preferred implementations of the invention employ optical sensors with a converging beam (115), and/or position sensors employing linear potentiometer strips (132).

An optoelectronic sensor for detecting an object in a monitored zone is provided that has a light transmitter and a transmission optics associated with the light transmitter in a transmission path for transmitting a light beam and a light receiver and a reception optics associated with the light receiver and offset from the transmission optics by a spacing in a reception path for receiving a light beam remitted by the object and for generating a received light spot on the light receiver, as well a control and evaluation unit that is configured to evaluate a received signal of the light receiver. The reception optics has at least one optical metaelement having a metasurface and/or a metamaterial and is configured such that a displacement of the received light spot on the light receiver in a near zone of the sensor dependent on a distance of the object from the sensor is no larger than a full width at half maximum of the received light spot.

The present disclosure provides a proximity sensor. The proximity sensor includes: a substrate including a main surface; a light emitter and a light receiver disposed on the main surface; a resin disposed on the main surface, enclosing the light emitter and the light receiver, and including a boundary surface spaced apart from the main surface; a first crosstalk alleviator disposed on the boundary surface and including a first inclined surface; and a second crosstalk alleviator disposed on the boundary surface and including a second inclined surface.

The present disclosure provides a proximity sensor. The proximity sensor includes: a substrate including a main surface; a light emitter and a light receiver disposed on the main surface; a resin disposed on the main surface, enclosing the light emitter and the light receiver, and including a boundary surface spaced apart from the main surface; a first crosstalk alleviator disposed on the boundary surface and including a first inclined surface; and a second crosstalk alleviator disposed on the boundary surface and including a second inclined surface.

A detection range specification member for a human body detection sensor is provided in a washroom and is configured to specify a detection range of a human body detection sensor having an infrared sensor body configured to detect a human body. The detection range specification member for the human body detection sensor includes a material that reduces transmission of infrared rays, and is provided so as to cover at least a part of the infrared sensor body. The detection range specification member for the human body detection sensor is a sheet member that is configured to allow installation on a sensor surface side of the infrared sensor body.

A detection range specification member for a human body detection sensor is provided in a washroom and is configured to specify a detection range of a human body detection sensor having an infrared sensor body configured to detect a human body. The detection range specification member for the human body detection sensor includes a material that reduces transmission of infrared rays, and is provided so as to cover at least a part of the infrared sensor body. The detection range specification member for the human body detection sensor is a sheet member that is configured to allow installation on a sensor surface side of the infrared sensor body.