A seabed object detection system is provided. The system can include a receiver array including a first streamer and a second streamer. The system can include a first plurality of receivers coupled with the first streamer and a second plurality of receivers coupled with the second streamer. The system can include a receiver array cross-cable to couple with the first streamer and the second streamer. The system can include a source array including a first source and a second source. The system can include a first source cable coupled with the first source and a second source cable coupled with the second source. The system can include a source array cross-cable to couple with the first source cable and the second source cable. The system can include a first lateral cable to couple with a first diverter and second lateral cable to couple with a second diverter.

Disclosed herein are various embodiments of a technique to monitor hydro-fracturing in oil and gas wells by use of active seismic sources and arrays of monitoring sensors. The invention utilizes combinations of seismic sources such as vertical vibrators in anti-phase pairs. The invention utilizes combinations of multi-component rotational seismic sensors, and/or multi-component linear sensors, and/or pressure sensors. Sensors are jointly deployed in arrays on the surface and/or in shallow monitoring wells to avoid the complicating effects of the free surface of the earth. The emplacement of sensors on the surface or in the shallow monitoring wells may be permanent. Fractures are monitored by combinations of physical effects such as propagation time delays, shear reflections, birefringent shear wave splitting, and amplitude variations. The method has a wide range of application in oil and gas exploration and production. This abstract is not intended to be used to interpret or limit the claims of this invention.

A method of generating target-oriented acquisition-imprint-free prestack angle gathers using common focus point (CFP) operators includes receiving a plurality of seismic traces associated with a target point in a reservoir. A first angle domain common image gather (ADCIG) is generated based on the received plurality of seismic traces. A plurality of synthetic traces associated with the target point is generated. A second ADCIG is generated based on the synthetic traces. An enhanced ADCIG is generated using the first ADCIG and the second ADCIG.

A method of generating target-oriented acquisition-imprint-free prestack angle gathers using common focus point (CFP) operators includes receiving a plurality of seismic traces associated with a target point in a reservoir. A first angle domain common image gather (ADCIG) is generated based on the received plurality of seismic traces. A plurality of synthetic traces associated with the target point is generated. A second ADCIG is generated based on the synthetic traces. An enhanced ADCIG is generated using the first ADCIG and the second ADCIG.

Source and receiver locations are optimized for acquiring seismic data used in compressive sensing reconstruction. A minimized multidimensional mutual coherence map, which includes a mutual coherence value at each (x,y) location in the mutual coherence map, is used to determine the optimal source and receiver locations from available source and receiver locations in respective, uniformly spaced, target survey grids.

Methods and systems of analyzing and optimizing a seismic survey design are described. A system includes a plurality of seismic receivers disposed in a survey area at a plurality of receiver locations. The system also includes a plurality of seismic sources disposed in the survey area at a plurality of source locations. The plurality of receiver locations and the plurality of source locations are specified by a seismic survey design minimizing any artifacts identified in a filtered spectrum obtained by applying a frequency-wavenumber filter to a central midpoint space summation. The plurality of receiver locations and the plurality of source locations are determined based on a comparison of the filtered spectrum to a second filtered spectrum. The second filtered spectrum is for a second central midpoint space summation.

Methods of analyzing and optimizing a seismic survey design are described. Specifically, the sampling quality is analyzed as opposed to the overall quality of the whole survey. This allows for analysis of the impact of the offsets, obstacles, and other aspects of the survey on the sampling quality, which will improve the ability to compress the resulting data and minimize acquisition footprints.

Methods of analyzing and optimizing a seismic survey design are described. Specifically, the sampling quality is analyzed as opposed to the overall quality of the whole survey. This allows for analysis of the impact of the offsets, obstacles, and other aspects of the survey on the sampling quality, which will improve the ability to compress the resulting data and minimize acquisition footprints.

Source and receiver locations are optimized for acquiring seismic data used in compressive sensing reconstruction. A minimized multidimensional mutual coherence map, which includes a mutual coherence value at each (x,y) location in the mutual coherence map, is used to determine the optimal source and receiver locations from available source and receiver locations in respective, uniformly spaced, target survey grids.

A system, apparatus, and method for determining intact versus fractured rock zones based on performance monitoring of an electric drilling machine when drilling a blasthole. The determination can be based on a calculation of compensated blastability index (CBI) values using transformed performance monitoring data collected in real-time as the drilling machine drills the blasthole.