A surface-consistent refraction analysis method to automatically derive near surface corrections for seismic data processing. The method uses concepts from surface-consistent analysis applied to refracted arrivals. The method includes the use of CMP-offset-azimuth binning, evaluation of mean travel time and standard deviation for each bin, rejection of anomalous first break (FB) picks, derivation of CMP-based travel time-offset functions, conversion to velocity-depth functions, evaluation of long wavelength statics and calculation of surface-consistent residual statics through waveform cross-correlation. Residual time lags are evaluated in multiple CMP-offset-azimuth bins by similarity analysis with a pilot trace for all the other traces in the gather where the correlation window is centered at the refracted arrival. The similarity analysis may take the form of computerized cross-correlation, or other criteria such as semblance. The residuals are then used to build a system of linear equations that is simultaneously inverted for surface-consistent shot and receiver time shift corrections plus a possible subsurface residual term. All the steps are completely automated and require a fraction of the time needed for coventional near surface analysis.

Methods and systems of generating seismic images from primaries and multiples are described. Methods separate pressure data into up-going pressure data and down-going pressure data from pressure data and vertical velocity data. Irregularly spaced receiver coordinates of the down-going and up-going pressure data are regularized to grid points of a migration grid and interpolation is used to fill in down-going and up-going pressure data at grid points of the migration grid. A seismic image is calculated at grid points of the migration grid based on the interpolated and regularized down-going pressure data and the interpolated and regularized up-going pressure data. The seismic images are high-resolution, have lower signal-to-noise ratio than seismic images generated by other methods, and have reduced acquisition artifacts and crosstalk effects.

A device, medium and method for deblending seismic data associated with a subsurface of the earth. The method includes receiving an input dataset generated by first and second sources S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 that are operating as simultaneous sources; arranging the input dataset based on the firing times of source S.sub.1; applying with a computing system an annihilation filter to the arranged input dataset to estimate cross-talk noise; convolving the cross-talk noise estimate with an operator to form a signal estimate using the firing times of S.sub.1 and S.sub.2; and generating an image of the subsurface based on the signal estimate.

A method may include obtaining seismic data regarding a geological region of interest. The seismic data may include an offset gather that includes various seismic traces sorted into an offset domain. The method may further include determining a pair of offset gathers based on a predetermined multiple surface location and the offset gather. The method may further include determining a trace index map for the pair of offset gathers. The method may further include generating, iteratively, a convolution gather that includes various convolution traces and based on a convolution function and the trace index map. A respective convolution trace among the convolution traces may be determined using a first trace and a second trace from the pair of offset gathers. The method may further include determining a predicted surface-related multiple using the first convolution gather.

Various implementations directed to quality control and preconditioning of seismic data are provided. In one implementation, a method may include receiving particle motion data from particle motion sensors disposed on seismic streamers. The method may also include performing quality control (QC) processing on the particle motion data. The method may further include performing preconditioning processing on the QC-processed particle motion data. The method may additionally include attenuating noise in the preconditioning-processed particle motion data.