Methods and devices according to various embodiments perform full-wave inversion jointly for datasets acquired at different times over the same underground formation using a time-lag cost function with target regularization terms. This approach improves the 4D signal within reservoirs and suppresses 4D noise outside.

A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to store instructions executable by a processor of an electronic device to access a beam migration image of a subsurface target. In addition, the computer-readable medium is configured to store instructions executable by a processor of an electronic device to determine a decomposition criteria based on at least one of subsurface dip inclinations, subsurface dip azimuths, or a combination thereof. Further, the computer-readable medium is configured to store instructions executable by a processor of an electronic device to decompose the beam migration image into a plurality of partial images according to the decomposition criteria to provide various views of the subsurface target. The plurality of partial images are usable by seismic interpreters in exploration for hydrocarbons within the subsurface target.

Leveraging migration and demigration, here we propose a learning-based approach for fast denoising with applications to fast-track processing. The method is designed to directly work on raw data without separating each noise type and character. The automatic attenuation of noise is attained by performing migration/demigration guided sparse inversion. By discussing examples from a Permian Basin dataset with very challenging noise issues, we attest the feasibility of this learning-based approach as a fast turnaround alternative to conventional denoising methodology.

The present invention discloses a focus-stacking imaging method and system based on correlation-based seismic interferometry. The method includes: loading an acquisition system to a seismic data set, picking up seismic first arrival traveltimes recorded by all shot gathers, and then performing refraction tomographic static correction, noise suppression, energy compensation, and deconvolution; processing the seismic data set after deconvolution by using an iterative residual static correction method and a high-accuracy velocity analysis method, to obtain a migration velocity model and a seismic data set after residual static correction; determining a common reflection point gather after muting and zero-offset gathers at different reflection points; calculating an amount of move-out correction for each common reflection point gather and a common reflection point gather after interferometric normal move-out correction; performing focus-stacking on the common reflection point gather after interferometric normal move-out correction, to obtain imaging results at different reflection points.

A method for imaging non-specular seismic events as well as correlating non-specular events with physically measurable quantites in a volume of Earth's subsurface. Includes entering as input to a computer signals detected by a plurality of seismic sensors disposed above and/or within the volume in response to actuation of at least one seismic energy source above and/or within the volume. Parameter analysis is performed to populate the initial model with point-wise, best-fit wavefront travel-time approximations. Imaging is performed to obtain undifferentiated specular and non-specular representations of the volume. Specular boundaries are mapped using the imaged volume and using the boundaries to form a model of specular components of the volume. Beamforming is used to characterize seismic attributes associated with specular and non-specular reflections as separate and differentiated data sets.

A method and apparatus for identifying features of a subsurface region, including: obtaining an initial physical property model and survey data for the subsurface region; identifying a current model to be the initial physical property model; and executing one or more iterations of: generating synthetic data and forward wavefields with the current model and the survey data by forward modeling with forward wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; generating adjoint wavefields with the synthetic data and the survey data by adjoint modeling with adjoint wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; computing an objective function gradient with the forward wavefields and the adjoint wavefields by solving gradient equations with the corresponding wave equations representing isotropic wave-mode-independent attenuation; computing a search direction of the objective function; searching for a possible improved model along the search direction; and updating the current model to be the possible improved model.

A system including a sonic source deployed in a first borehole and a fiber optic distributed sensor deployed in a second borehole, both boreholes extending from an earth surface into a formation. The optical fiber is configured to react along its length to incident sonic waves generated by the sonic source and propagating through the first borehole, through the formation, and through the second borehole. The system further includes an optical source to launch optical pulses into the fiber optic distributed sensor while the sonic waves are incident on the fiber optic distributed sensor. The system also includes a data acquisition system coupled to the fiber optic distributed sensor to detect temporal variations in coherent Rayleigh noise (CRN) generated in the fiber optic distributed sensor in response to the optical pulses and the incident sonic waves; and a computer system configured to receive data from the data acquisition system.

Systems and methods for seismic imaging of a subterranean geological formation include receiving parameter data representing one or more parameters of a seismic survey, the seismic data specifying an incident angle and an azimuth angle for each trace of the seismic survey; determining a relationship between the incident angle and the azimuth angle for each trace and a location in a spiral coordinate system, and generating a weighting function for applying a weight value to each trace seismic data based on the incident angle and the azimuth angle associated with each trace; and determining a residual moveout value of the seismic data for each location in the spiral coordinate system by applying the weighting function to each; and generating a seismic image representing the residual moveout value of the seismic data for each location in the spiral coordinate system.

Methods and systems for adjusting migration gather are disclosed. A method for adjusting migration gather may include generating a first migration gather based on acquired seismic data. The method may also include generating a compensation volume based on reference data produced utilizing a reference seismic model. The method may further include applying the compensation volume to adjust the first migration gather.

A system and method for forming a seismic image of a subterranean region of interest are provided. The method includes obtaining an observed seismic dataset for the subterranean region of interest and determining a plurality of common-offset sections from the observed seismic dataset. The method further includes determining stochastically migrated common-offset sections for each of the common-offset sections and forming a stochastic image gathers from the plurality of stochastically migrated common-offset sections. The method still further includes forming the seismic image by stacking each of the plurality of stochastically migrated common-offset sections.