An electronic device includes one or more processors and memory storing a first logical table for a first time. The first logical table includes a plurality of logical columns, each logical column including an input vector of a plurality of input parameters corresponding to a respective time, and a plurality of logical rows intersecting with the plurality of logical columns, each logical row corresponding to a respective input parameter. The device updates a respective logical column with a first input vector that corresponds to a second time subsequent to the first time, thereby obtaining a second logical table; obtains a first transposed kernel matrix between the second logical table for the second time and the first input vector; determines a first predicted output value for the second time; and outputs the first predicted output value.

A wind direction and a wind speed are readily and accurately estimated at a desired position without using a wind direction and velocity sensor. Movement instruction means of a wind estimation system instructs an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which includes a sensor unit that detects information about a position change, to move. Fall control means causes the UAV to free fall after the UAV is moved according to the instruction of the movement instruction means. Estimation means estimates at least one of a wind direction and a wind speed at a fall position based on the information about the position change detected by the sensor unit during a fall of the UAV.

A marine monitoring system includes a control device 1 and at least one flight vehicle 2. The control device 1 includes: a sensor unit 13 that measures at least one of an underwater environment and a sea-surface environment to acquire marine data; a control unit 16 that controls the flight vehicle 2; and a communication unit 15 that receives above-water data measured by the flight vehicle 2. The flight vehicle 2 includes a sensor unit 24 that measures an above-water environment according to control of the control device 1 to acquire the above-water data, and a communication unit 21 that transmits the above-water data to the control device 1.

A marine monitoring system includes a control device 1 and at least one flight vehicle 2. The control device 1 includes: a sensor unit 13 that measures at least one of an underwater environment and a sea-surface environment to acquire marine data; a control unit 16 that controls the flight vehicle 2; and a communication unit 15 that receives above-water data measured by the flight vehicle 2. The flight vehicle 2 includes a sensor unit 24 that measures an above-water environment according to control of the control device 1 to acquire the above-water data, and a communication unit 21 that transmits the above-water data to the control device 1.

A system (100) for monitoring stability of trees (10) in an area includes a server (101), one or more sensor modules (102, 202) being attached to each of the trees (10) in a network of trees, configured for obtaining tilt angle data pertaining to inclination of at least a portion of the tree (10), and relaying the tilt angle data to the server (101), a weather observing device (103, 203) connected to the server (101), for obtaining localized environmental variables representing a local weather condition in the area, and a monitoring platform (20) connected with the server (101), configured for storing and processing the data. The system is configured for monitoring, based on the data and the environmental variables, the tilt angle data of each of the trees (10), and identifying one or more abnormalities of one or more of the trees (10), and indicating through the monitoring platform (20) the one or more abnormalities.

A system (100) for monitoring stability of trees (10) in an area includes a server (101), one or more sensor modules (102, 202) being attached to each of the trees (10) in a network of trees, configured for obtaining tilt angle data pertaining to inclination of at least a portion of the tree (10), and relaying the tilt angle data to the server (101), a weather observing device (103, 203) connected to the server (101), for obtaining localized environmental variables representing a local weather condition in the area, and a monitoring platform (20) connected with the server (101), configured for storing and processing the data. The system is configured for monitoring, based on the data and the environmental variables, the tilt angle data of each of the trees (10), and identifying one or more abnormalities of one or more of the trees (10), and indicating through the monitoring platform (20) the one or more abnormalities.

A mid-wave infrared system provides high spatial and temporal resolution measurements of atmospheric temperatures and moisture fields using a constellation of low earth orbit satellites. The disclosed system is smaller, lighter, less complex, and requires less energy than existing systems, due to implementation of an infrared avalanche photodiode array detector that provides enhanced sensitivity with reduced cooling requirements, and an Offner spectrometer having a novel a refractive element inserted near the grating that reduces the size and power requirements of the spectrometer. Embodiments of the disclosed method include deploying a constellation of devices for cooperative infrared sensing of atmospheric phenomena at similar rates, lower cost, and much higher resolution compared to geosynchronous approaches. Some embodiments further include combined analysis of measurements obtained by the disclosed devices with complementary measurements made by other low-earth and high-earth orbital and/or ground-based devices.

The present disclosure discloses a method and system for calculating a carbon and water flux of an ecosystem based on a weather station, and relates to the technical field of calculation of carbon and water fluxes of ecosystems. According to a plant function type (PFT) and/or a climate type, eddy covariance flux stations are selectively combined to obtain a plurality of combinations characterizing different scenarios of an ecosystem and a plurality of carbon and water flux data sets respectively corresponding to the plurality of combinations, a plurality of carbon and water flux models and an evaluation model for predicting a determination coefficient are further constructed, and the evaluation model is used to determine a carbon and water flux model suitable for each weather station in a target area, such as to calculate a carbon and water flux based on observation data of the weather station.

The present disclosure discloses a method and system for calculating a carbon and water flux of an ecosystem based on a weather station, and relates to the technical field of calculation of carbon and water fluxes of ecosystems. According to a plant function type (PFT) and/or a climate type, eddy covariance flux stations are selectively combined to obtain a plurality of combinations characterizing different scenarios of an ecosystem and a plurality of carbon and water flux data sets respectively corresponding to the plurality of combinations, a plurality of carbon and water flux models and an evaluation model for predicting a determination coefficient are further constructed, and the evaluation model is used to determine a carbon and water flux model suitable for each weather station in a target area, such as to calculate a carbon and water flux based on observation data of the weather station.

An apparatus for detecting wind direction includes an attachment member, an elongated member, a vertical member, and a wind direction indicator. The elongated member extends outward from the attachment member. The vertical member is coupled to the elongated member. The wind indicator is coupled to the vertical member and includes a bottom surface, a top surface opposite the bottom surface, and first and second sides extending from the bottom surface to the top surface. The wind indicator further includes a first fin and a second fin, each extending from the top surface and having a forward portion and an aft portion. A first distance between the respective aft portions of the first and second fins is greater than a second distance between the respective forward portions of the first and second fins such that the first and second fins converge toward one another at an acute angle.