There is provided a novel and improved optical body, method for manufacturing an optical body, light-emitting apparatus, and image display apparatus capable of improving emitted luminance and transparency, the optical body including: a base material; and a light extraction section, formed on at least one surface of the base material, that extracts internally propagated light incident inside the base material from a side face of the base material to an outside of the base material. The light extraction section includes a concave-convex structure in which at least one of concavities and convexities has a frustum shape, a fill ratio of the concave-convex structure is 15% or greater, and a light transmittance is 50% or greater.

Methods for providing flammability protection for plastic optical fiber (POF) embedded inside avionics line replaceable units (LRUs) or other equipment used in airborne vehicles such as commercial or fighter aircrafts. A thin and flexible flammability protection tube is placed around the POF. In one proposed implementation, a very thin (100 to 250 microns in wall thickness) polyimide tube is placed outside and around the POF cable embedded inside an LRU or other equipment. The thin-walled polyimide tube does not diminish the flexibility of the POF cable.

The present invention discloses a light guide and a lighting device with parallel light source. The light guide comprises a body with a light incident side and a light emergent side. The body comprises: a light incident surface; light emergent surfaces; and a light guide surface group provided with a plurality of light guide surfaces and used for guiding at least a part of the rays of light guided into the body via the light incident surface by total reflection, and determine out-emitting positions of the part of the light rays guided by total reflection by the light guide surface group, on the light emergent surfaces, so that the body is formed with bright areas with guided-out rays of light and dark areas without guided-out rays of light on the light emergent surfaces.

A manufacturing apparatus of a porous glass base material for optical fiber includes: a liquid mass flow controller for controlling a flow rate of a raw material liquid of an organic siloxane; a vaporizer for mixing the raw material liquid and a carrier gas to vaporize the raw material liquid to form a mixed gas in which a raw material gas and the carrier gas are mixed; a raw material liquid nozzle for ejecting the raw material liquid into the vaporizer; a carrier gas supply pipe for supplying the carrier gas into the vaporizer; a raw material liquid pipe for introducing the raw material liquid into the raw material liquid nozzle; a burner for combusting the mixed gas together with a combustible gas and a combustion supporting gas to produce SiO.sub.2 fine particles; a mixed gas pipe; an open/close valve; and a purge gas supply pipe.

A manufacturing apparatus of a porous glass base material for optical fiber includes: a liquid mass flow controller for controlling a flow rate of a raw material liquid of an organic siloxane; a vaporizer for mixing the raw material liquid and a carrier gas to vaporize the raw material liquid to form a mixed gas in which a raw material gas and the carrier gas are mixed; a raw material liquid nozzle for ejecting the raw material liquid into the vaporizer; a carrier gas supply pipe for supplying the carrier gas into the vaporizer; a raw material liquid pipe for introducing the raw material liquid into the raw material liquid nozzle; a burner for combusting the mixed gas together with a combustible gas and a combustion supporting gas to produce SiO.sub.2 fine particles; a mixed gas pipe; an open/close valve; and a purge gas supply pipe.

The present invention relates to a polycarbonate resin composition and an optical molded product comprising the same. The polycarbonate resin composition according to the present invention is excellent in transmittance and color uniformity which are required for a light guide plate, and also excellent in processability. Thus, it can be effectively used as a material of the light guide plate.

A polycarbonate resin composition for light guides which has excellent light guiding properties and flame retardancy, a light guide and a surface light source body. The light guide is formed from a resin composition which comprises (A) 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (component A) and (B) 0.001 to 0.1 part by weight of a metal salt-based compound (component B).

A polycarbonate resin composition for light guides which has excellent light guiding properties and flame retardancy, a light guide and a surface light source body. The light guide is formed from a resin composition which comprises (A) 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (component A) and (B) 0.001 to 0.1 part by weight of a metal salt-based compound (component B).

A light module comprising a means for supporting at least one collector of light rays in the vicinity of which there is a light guide suitable for guiding the rays emitted by a light source from an input face to at least two distinct and adjacent output faces. A distinction is made between a main output face, through which the rays pass in a first direction, and at least one additional output face which is oriented such that the light rays leaving the guide through this additional output face are directed toward the collector, in a second direction distinct from the first direction.

Provided is a plastic optical fiber, which is suppressed from causing cracks even when used for a long period of time in a state of being subjected to an external force. A plastic optical fiber (10) of the present invention includes: a core portion (12); a cladding portion (14) arranged on an outer periphery of the core portion (12); and an over-cladding portion (16) arranged on an outer periphery of the cladding portion (14), wherein the over-cladding portion (16) has a birefringence Δn of 0.002 or more.