An electromagnetic wave sensor cover includes a cover body. The cover body includes a base layer made of synthetic resin and permitting passage of an electromagnetic wave, one or more metal oxide layers permitting passage of the electromagnetic wave and being conductive, one or more low refractive index layers permitting passage of the electromagnetic wave and made of material that has a lower refractive index than material of the metal oxide layer, and two electrodes. The base layer includes a front surface and a rear surface in a transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave. The metal oxide layer and the low refractive index layer are laminated adjacent to each other in the transmission direction. A laminate of the metal oxide layer and the low refractive index layer is laminated on the front surface or the rear surface of the base layer.

This optical laminate is an optical laminate including a plastic film, an adhesion layer, an optical function layer, and an antifouling layer which are laminated in this order. The antifouling layer includes a vapor-deposited film in which an antifouling material is vapor-deposited. A water vapor transmittance is 1.5 g/(m.sup.2.Math.1 day) or lower. A hue change ΔE value in (SCI) reflected color in consideration of specular reflection light after being brought into contact with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution having a concentration of 0.1 mol/L at a liquid temperature of 55° C. for four hours is smaller than 10.

A method for producing an optical element having a main body with a first side surface, which has a first optical coating, and at least one second side surface, which is not plane-parallel to the first side surface and has a second optical coating, is proposed. The method includes the steps of: determining the stress induced in the optical element by the first optical coating of the first side surface; determining a counter-stress, so that the resultant overall stress induced in the optical element is as small as possible; determining the second optical coating while taking into account the determined counter-stress and the optical parameters of the second optical coating; applying the first optical coating on the first side surface; and, applying the second optical coating on the at least one second side surface.

A method for producing an optical element having a main body with a first side surface, which has a first optical coating, and at least one second side surface, which is not plane-parallel to the first side surface and has a second optical coating, is proposed. The method includes the steps of: determining the stress induced in the optical element by the first optical coating of the first side surface; determining a counter-stress, so that the resultant overall stress induced in the optical element is as small as possible; determining the second optical coating while taking into account the determined counter-stress and the optical parameters of the second optical coating; applying the first optical coating on the first side surface; and, applying the second optical coating on the at least one second side surface.

An electronic device includes an electronic module, a protective substrate on the electronic module, and a functional layer on the protective substrate. The functional layer has a hardness in a range of 4H to 9H. A manufacturing method of the electronic device comprises providing a protective substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; forming a preparatory layer on the first surface; performing a heat treatment to convert the preparatory layer to a functional layer; and disposing an electronic module on the second surface, wherein the heat treatment is performed in a range of 200° C. to 1200° C.

An electronic device includes an electronic module, a protective substrate on the electronic module, and a functional layer on the protective substrate. The functional layer has a hardness in a range of 4H to 9H. A manufacturing method of the electronic device comprises providing a protective substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; forming a preparatory layer on the first surface; performing a heat treatment to convert the preparatory layer to a functional layer; and disposing an electronic module on the second surface, wherein the heat treatment is performed in a range of 200° C. to 1200° C.

A contrast-amplifying carrier for observing a sample, includes a transparent substrate bearing at least one absorbent coating suitable for behaving as an antireflection coating when it is illuminated at normal incidence at an illumination wavelength λ through the substrate and when the face of the coating opposite the substrate is in contact with a medium referred to as a transparent ambient medium, the refractive index n.sub.3 of which is lower than that of the refractive index n.sub.0 of the substrate. The absorbent coating comprises: an absorbent sublayer referred to as the contrast sublayer, deposited on the surface of the transparent substrate; and an absorbent layer referred to as the sensitive layer, distinct from the contrast sublayer and comprising between 1 and 5 sheets of a graphene-type material. Methods for producing and for using such a contrast-amplifying carrier are also provided.

A contrast-amplifying carrier for observing a sample, includes a transparent substrate bearing at least one absorbent coating suitable for behaving as an antireflection coating when it is illuminated at normal incidence at an illumination wavelength λ through the substrate and when the face of the coating opposite the substrate is in contact with a medium referred to as a transparent ambient medium, the refractive index n.sub.3 of which is lower than that of the refractive index n.sub.0 of the substrate. The absorbent coating comprises: an absorbent sublayer referred to as the contrast sublayer, deposited on the surface of the transparent substrate; and an absorbent layer referred to as the sensitive layer, distinct from the contrast sublayer and comprising between 1 and 5 sheets of a graphene-type material. Methods for producing and for using such a contrast-amplifying carrier are also provided.

There are provided a coating composition being possible to form a cured film which has excellent transparency and weather resistance, and especially hardness. A coating composition obtained by which a silicon-containing substance as a component (M) and a silica colloidal particle having a primary particle diameter of 2 to 80 nm as a component (S) are mixed, and then the component (M) is hydrolyzed, and the resulting aqueous solution is subsequently mixed with a colloidal particle (C) wherein a component (F) is a modified metal oxide colloidal particle (C) having a primary particle diameter of 2 to 100 nm, which includes a metal oxide colloidal particle (A) having a primary particle diameter of 2 to 60 nm as a core, whose surface is coated with a coating (B) formed of an acidic oxide colloidal particle.

There are provided a coating composition being possible to form a cured film which has excellent transparency and weather resistance, and especially hardness. A coating composition obtained by which a silicon-containing substance as a component (M) and a silica colloidal particle having a primary particle diameter of 2 to 80 nm as a component (S) are mixed, and then the component (M) is hydrolyzed, and the resulting aqueous solution is subsequently mixed with a colloidal particle (C) wherein a component (F) is a modified metal oxide colloidal particle (C) having a primary particle diameter of 2 to 100 nm, which includes a metal oxide colloidal particle (A) having a primary particle diameter of 2 to 60 nm as a core, whose surface is coated with a coating (B) formed of an acidic oxide colloidal particle.