Disclosed is a luminaire such as an LED downlight which is suitable for mounting in ceiling cavities of commercial environments. An example luminaire (200) comprises a light source (202) including an integral primary optic which is configured to transmit light toward a second optic (214). The second optic (214) is a lens configured to receive light from the light source (202) via the primary optic and transmit at least part of the received light toward a circular reflector (201). The circular reflector (201) is configured to direct light received from the second optic (214) away from the luminaire (204). A shape of the second optic (214) is interdependent with a shape of the circular reflector (201), and the shape of the second optic (214) and circular reflector (201) act in combination to transmit light away from the luminaire with a non-circular illuminance distribution (206).

Provided is an eyeglass lens 1 configured to cause rays that have entered from an object-side surface 3 to be emitted from an eyeball-side surface 4, and cause the emitted rays to converge at a predetermined position A. The eyeglass lens 1 includes a lens substrate 2 having a plurality of substrate convex portions 6 on at least one of the object-side surface 3 and the eyeball-side surface 4, and a coating film covering the surface provided with the substrate convex portions 6. The shape of convex portions present on the outermost surface of the eyeglass lens located on a side on which the substrate convex portions 6 are provided is an approximate shape of the substrate convex portions configured to cause rays that have entered the eyeglass lens 1 to converge at a position B that is closer to the object than the predetermined position A is.

Provided is an eyeglass lens 1 configured to cause rays that have entered from an object-side surface 3 to be emitted from an eyeball-side surface 4, and cause the emitted rays to converge at a predetermined position A. The eyeglass lens 1 includes a lens substrate 2 having a plurality of substrate convex portions 6 on at least one of the object-side surface 3 and the eyeball-side surface 4, and a coating film covering the surface provided with the substrate convex portions 6. The shape of convex portions present on the outermost surface of the eyeglass lens located on a side on which the substrate convex portions 6 are provided is an approximate shape of the substrate convex portions configured to cause rays that have entered the eyeglass lens 1 to converge at a position B that is closer to the object than the predetermined position A is.

An optical glass has a refractive index (n.sub.d) of 1.64 or more. A P value represented by the following formula (1) is in a range of 7.0<P value<10.0: P value=log(A.sub.450×P.sub.450+A.sub.550×P.sub.550+A.sub.650×P.sub.650+A.sub.750×P.sub.750) (1). A.sub.450, A.sub.550, A.sub.650 and A.sub.750 are absorbances of the optical glass with a plate thickness of 10 mm at a wavelength of 450 nm, 550 nm, 650 nm and 750 nm, respectively. P.sub.450, P.sub.550, P.sub.650 and P.sub.750 are radiances of light having a wavelength of 450 nm, 550 nm, 650 nm and 750 nm, respectively, at 1,300° C. according to Planck's radiation law. All of internal transmittances in terms of a 10-mm thickness at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, 650 nm and 750 nm are 91% or more.

An optical glass has a refractive index (n.sub.d) of 1.64 or more. A P value represented by the following formula (1) is in a range of 7.0<P value<10.0: P value=log(A.sub.450×P.sub.450+A.sub.550×P.sub.550+A.sub.650×P.sub.650+A.sub.750×P.sub.750) (1). A.sub.450, A.sub.550, A.sub.650 and A.sub.750 are absorbances of the optical glass with a plate thickness of 10 mm at a wavelength of 450 nm, 550 nm, 650 nm and 750 nm, respectively. P.sub.450, P.sub.550, P.sub.650 and P.sub.750 are radiances of light having a wavelength of 450 nm, 550 nm, 650 nm and 750 nm, respectively, at 1,300° C. according to Planck's radiation law. All of internal transmittances in terms of a 10-mm thickness at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm, 650 nm and 750 nm are 91% or more.

Systems and methods for lens creations are disclosed. The method includes initiating light transmission from a light source through a diffuser into a container holding resin and a substrate. The light transmission is performed according to an irradiation pattern wherein each point in the resin is illuminated by at least 10% of the diffuser. This causes a lens to be formed. To achieve this illumination, at least 15% of the diffuser receives light from the light source. Further, a diameter of the diffuser is greater than or equal to a diameter of the substrate. The system performing the methods includes a polymerization apparatus and may include a resin conditioning and reservoir apparatus, a metrology unit, a resin drainage apparatus and an optional postcuring apparatus.

A display device includes a display module and an anti-glare film on the display module. The anti-glare film includes a first anti-glare layer and a second anti-glare layer. The first anti-glare layer has a plurality of microstructures at an upper surface of the first anti-glare layer. A root-mean-square slope of the microstructures is more than 0 and is 0.2 or less. The second anti-glare layer is between the first anti-glare layer and the display module, and an inner haze of the second anti-glare layer is from 20% to 90%.

A display device includes a display module and an anti-glare film on the display module. The anti-glare film includes a first anti-glare layer and a second anti-glare layer. The first anti-glare layer has a plurality of microstructures at an upper surface of the first anti-glare layer. A root-mean-square slope of the microstructures is more than 0 and is 0.2 or less. The second anti-glare layer is between the first anti-glare layer and the display module, and an inner haze of the second anti-glare layer is from 20% to 90%.

Embodiments of articles with optical coatings are described herein. According to one embodiment, an article may comprise a substrate having a major surface, and an optical coating disposed on the major surface and forming an anti-reflective surface, the optical coating comprising an anti-reflective coating. The article may exhibit a maximum hardness of about 12 GPa or greater as measured on the anti-reflective surface by a Berkovich Indenter Hardness Test along an indentation depth of about 100 nm or greater. The article may exhibit a single side average light reflectance measured at the anti-reflective surface of about 8% or less over an optical wavelength regime in the range from about 400 nm to about 800 nm. The article may exhibit an average light transmission of about 90% or greater over an optical wavelength regime in the range from about 400 nm to about 800 nm.

Embodiments of articles with optical coatings are described herein. According to one embodiment, an article may comprise a substrate having a major surface, and an optical coating disposed on the major surface and forming an anti-reflective surface, the optical coating comprising an anti-reflective coating. The article may exhibit a maximum hardness of about 12 GPa or greater as measured on the anti-reflective surface by a Berkovich Indenter Hardness Test along an indentation depth of about 100 nm or greater. The article may exhibit a single side average light reflectance measured at the anti-reflective surface of about 8% or less over an optical wavelength regime in the range from about 400 nm to about 800 nm. The article may exhibit an average light transmission of about 90% or greater over an optical wavelength regime in the range from about 400 nm to about 800 nm.