Provided is a hard coating film in which a hard coating layer having a water contact angle of 90° or less, a conductive layer, and a low refractive index layer are laminated on a substrate, the film having excellent hardness, anti-curling property, antireflection performance, antifouling performance, and antistatic performance.

A lens for manipulating electromagnetic waves including a substrate a first zone on a surface of the substrate, the first zone being configured to manipulate a first wavelength range, wherein the first zone comprises at least one Frustrum cut pyramid structure each having a first set of dimensions that are defined based on the first wavelength range.

A lens for manipulating electromagnetic waves including a substrate a first zone on a surface of the substrate, the first zone being configured to manipulate a first wavelength range, wherein the first zone comprises at least one Frustrum cut pyramid structure each having a first set of dimensions that are defined based on the first wavelength range.

The various implementations described herein include a camera device that includes: (1) a housing; (2) an image sensor positioned within the housing and having a field of view corresponding to a scene in the smart home environment; (3) at least one infrared (IR) illuminator positioned with the housing, the IR illuminator configured to selectively illuminate the scene; and (4) a front face that is at least partially concave-shaped and coupled to the housing, the front face positioned in front of the image sensor such that light from the scene passes through the front face prior to entering the image sensor, and the front face positioned in front of the IR illuminator such that IR light from the IR illuminator is directed through the front face.

The various implementations described herein include a camera device that includes: (1) a housing; (2) an image sensor positioned within the housing and having a field of view corresponding to a scene in the smart home environment; (3) at least one infrared (IR) illuminator positioned with the housing, the IR illuminator configured to selectively illuminate the scene; and (4) a front face that is at least partially concave-shaped and coupled to the housing, the front face positioned in front of the image sensor such that light from the scene passes through the front face prior to entering the image sensor, and the front face positioned in front of the IR illuminator such that IR light from the IR illuminator is directed through the front face.

A retro-reflective marker comprising a bare retro-reflective layer; a protective layer with a near-infrared (NIR) wavelength specific anti-reflective coating; and a border with an NIR absorbent coating.

A system is capable of detecting substrates and can differentiate between zero, one, or multiple transparent or semi-transparent substrates in a stack. The system can include an optical sensor, an optically anti-reflective element, and a detector. The optical sensor outputs light towards the optically anti-reflective element. The light detector is positioned to detect light from the light source that is reflected by substrates, if any, positioned within a detection zone between the optically anti-reflective element and the detector.

A system is capable of detecting substrates and can differentiate between zero, one, or multiple transparent or semi-transparent substrates in a stack. The system can include an optical sensor, an optically anti-reflective element, and a detector. The optical sensor outputs light towards the optically anti-reflective element. The light detector is positioned to detect light from the light source that is reflected by substrates, if any, positioned within a detection zone between the optically anti-reflective element and the detector.

Embodiments of articles including a low-contrast anti-reflection coating are disclosed. The coated surface of such articles exhibits a reduced difference in reflectance between a pristine state and when a surface defect is present. In one or more embodiments, the coated surface of such articles exhibits a first average reflectance in the range from about 0.6% to about 6.0% in a pristine condition and a second average reflectance of about 8% or less after removal of a surface thickness of the anti-reflection coating. In other embodiments, the coated substrate exhibits a second average reflectance of about 10% or less, when the coated surface comprises a contaminant. In some embodiments, the coated substrate exhibits a first color coordinate (a*.sub.1, b*.sub.1) in a pristine condition and a second color coordinate (a*.sub.2, b*.sub.2) after the presence of a surface defect such that Δa*b* is about 6 or less.

Embodiments of articles including a low-contrast anti-reflection coating are disclosed. The coated surface of such articles exhibits a reduced difference in reflectance between a pristine state and when a surface defect is present. In one or more embodiments, the coated surface of such articles exhibits a first average reflectance in the range from about 0.6% to about 6.0% in a pristine condition and a second average reflectance of about 8% or less after removal of a surface thickness of the anti-reflection coating. In other embodiments, the coated substrate exhibits a second average reflectance of about 10% or less, when the coated surface comprises a contaminant. In some embodiments, the coated substrate exhibits a first color coordinate (a*.sub.1, b*.sub.1) in a pristine condition and a second color coordinate (a*.sub.2, b*.sub.2) after the presence of a surface defect such that Δa*b* is about 6 or less.