An enclosure surrounding the optical component can be connected with a vapor source. The vapor source can provide a vapor to the enclosure with a vapor level from 500 ppm to 15000 ppm. The concentration of vapor in the enclosure can increase the lifespan of the optical component in the enclosure.

A photocurable liquid silicone composition, that has low viscosity that facilitates injection into a small gap, cures quickly by irradiating with a high energy beam (such as ultraviolet light or the like), has a refractive index after curing that is high not only in a visible region but also in an infrared region, and is particularly useful as a material for a device using an infrared LED light source, is provided. The photocurable liquid silicone composition comprises: (A) an organosilane or low molecular weight organosiloxane with one to five silicon atoms and in one molecule, at least two alkenyl groups and at least two monovalent functional groups selected from aromatic groups and aralkyl groups, (C) in one molecule, a compound having at least two mercapto groups, and (D) a photoradical initiator. The refractive index of the entire liquid composition, prior to curing, is 1.48 or higher.

A photocurable liquid silicone composition, that has low viscosity that facilitates injection into a small gap, cures quickly by irradiating with a high energy beam (such as ultraviolet light or the like), has a refractive index after curing that is high not only in a visible region but also in an infrared region, and is particularly useful as a material for a device using an infrared LED light source, is provided. The photocurable liquid silicone composition comprises: (A) an organosilane or low molecular weight organosiloxane with one to five silicon atoms and in one molecule, at least two alkenyl groups and at least two monovalent functional groups selected from aromatic groups and aralkyl groups, (C) in one molecule, a compound having at least two mercapto groups, and (D) a photoradical initiator. The refractive index of the entire liquid composition, prior to curing, is 1.48 or higher.

The present disclosure provides a method for fabricating an anti-reflective layer on a quartz surface by using a metal-induced self-masking etching technique, comprising: performing reactive ion etching to a metal material and a quartz substrate by using a mixed gas containing a fluorine-based gas, wherein metal atoms and/or ions of the metal material are sputtered to a surface of the quartz substrate, to form a non-volatile metal fluoride on the surface of the quartz substrate; forming a micromask by a product of etching generated by reactive ion etching gathering around the non-volatile metal fluoride; and etching the micromask and the quartz substrate simultaneously, to form an anti-reflective layer having a sub-wavelength structure.

The present disclosure provides a method for fabricating an anti-reflective layer on a quartz surface by using a metal-induced self-masking etching technique, comprising: performing reactive ion etching to a metal material and a quartz substrate by using a mixed gas containing a fluorine-based gas, wherein metal atoms and/or ions of the metal material are sputtered to a surface of the quartz substrate, to form a non-volatile metal fluoride on the surface of the quartz substrate; forming a micromask by a product of etching generated by reactive ion etching gathering around the non-volatile metal fluoride; and etching the micromask and the quartz substrate simultaneously, to form an anti-reflective layer having a sub-wavelength structure.

A zoned waveplate has a series of transversely stacked birefringent zones alternating with non-birefringent zones. The birefringent and non-birefringent zones are integrally formed upon an AR-coated face of a single substrate by patterning the AR coated face of the substrate with zero-order sub-wavelength form-birefringent gratings configured to have a target retardance. The layer structure of the AR coating is designed to provide the target birefringence in the patterned zones and the reflection suppression.

A zoned waveplate has a series of transversely stacked birefringent zones alternating with non-birefringent zones. The birefringent and non-birefringent zones are integrally formed upon an AR-coated face of a single substrate by patterning the AR coated face of the substrate with zero-order sub-wavelength form-birefringent gratings configured to have a target retardance. The layer structure of the AR coating is designed to provide the target birefringence in the patterned zones and the reflection suppression.

It is disclosed a method of forming an optical article comprising: providing a base lens substrate (10) having opposite first and second optical surfaces, and at least one microlens protruding from the second optical surface, placing the base lens substrate in a mold (90) comprising first (91) and second (92) mold portions such that the first optical surface is disposed on a molding surface of the first mold portion (91), and that a volume is defined between a molding surface of the second mold portion and the second optical surface, filling the volume with a moldable material suitable for forming abrasion resistant coating; and setting the moldable material to form an abrasion-resistant coating (20) over the base lens substrate (10), wherein the abrasion resistant coating encapsulates each microlens (30).

It is disclosed a method of forming an optical article comprising: providing a base lens substrate (10) having opposite first and second optical surfaces, and at least one microlens protruding from the second optical surface, placing the base lens substrate in a mold (90) comprising first (91) and second (92) mold portions such that the first optical surface is disposed on a molding surface of the first mold portion (91), and that a volume is defined between a molding surface of the second mold portion and the second optical surface, filling the volume with a moldable material suitable for forming abrasion resistant coating; and setting the moldable material to form an abrasion-resistant coating (20) over the base lens substrate (10), wherein the abrasion resistant coating encapsulates each microlens (30).

The present disclosure provides a structure having a low reflectance surface, wherein the structure comprises: a base plate; and a plurality of inclined rods protruding from a first face of the base plate and inclined relative to a normal line to the first face, wherein the inclined rods are spaced from each other. Travel paths of light beams in the structure may be longer along the inclined rods. As a result, a larger amount of light may be absorbed by the structure having a low reflectance surface. The amount of light-beams as reflected from the structure having a low reflectance surface may be significantly reduced.