The present disclosure provides a structure having a low reflectance surface, wherein the structure comprises: a base plate; and a plurality of inclined rods protruding from a first face of the base plate and inclined relative to a normal line to the first face, wherein the inclined rods are spaced from each other. Travel paths of light beams in the structure may be longer along the inclined rods. As a result, a larger amount of light may be absorbed by the structure having a low reflectance surface. The amount of light-beams as reflected from the structure having a low reflectance surface may be significantly reduced.

A method for producing an optical element having a main body with a first side surface, which has a first optical coating, and at least one second side surface, which is not plane-parallel to the first side surface and has a second optical coating, is proposed. The method includes the steps of: determining the stress induced in the optical element by the first optical coating of the first side surface; determining a counter-stress, so that the resultant overall stress induced in the optical element is as small as possible; determining the second optical coating while taking into account the determined counter-stress and the optical parameters of the second optical coating; applying the first optical coating on the first side surface; and, applying the second optical coating on the at least one second side surface.

A method for fabricating one or more elements in a multi-lens column. Drops of ultraviolet (UV)-curable liquid are dispensed by an inkjet on a substrate, which may be supported by a chuck. A non-uniform liquid film is then formed, such as by spreading and merging of the inkjetted drops. The film is then locally heated, such as by using a digital micromirror device array. The film is then cured by exposing it to UV light, where the cured film together with the substrate form an element of the multi-lens column. The substrate is then brought to a metrology station where optical metrology is performed on the cured film and the substrate for quality control.

A method for fabricating one or more elements in a multi-lens column. Drops of ultraviolet (UV)-curable liquid are dispensed by an inkjet on a substrate, which may be supported by a chuck. A non-uniform liquid film is then formed, such as by spreading and merging of the inkjetted drops. The film is then locally heated, such as by using a digital micromirror device array. The film is then cured by exposing it to UV light, where the cured film together with the substrate form an element of the multi-lens column. The substrate is then brought to a metrology station where optical metrology is performed on the cured film and the substrate for quality control.

A method which may be used for forming an optical effect coating for a light transmission element configured to form a part of a cover of a device is disclosed. The method comprises: printing a first coating layer having a plurality of adjacent first elongated micro openings extending in a first direction in an aperture area, and printing a second coating layer having a plurality of adjacent second elongated micro openings extending in a second direction, the second direction differing from the first direction, in the aperture area. Thereby, an optical effect coating is formed, comprising micro holes formed at intersections of the first and the second elongated micro openings, the micro holes producing locally increased effective light transmittance through the optical effect coating in the aperture area.

A method which may be used for forming an optical effect coating for a light transmission element configured to form a part of a cover of a device is disclosed. The method comprises: printing a first coating layer having a plurality of adjacent first elongated micro openings extending in a first direction in an aperture area, and printing a second coating layer having a plurality of adjacent second elongated micro openings extending in a second direction, the second direction differing from the first direction, in the aperture area. Thereby, an optical effect coating is formed, comprising micro holes formed at intersections of the first and the second elongated micro openings, the micro holes producing locally increased effective light transmittance through the optical effect coating in the aperture area.

A non-photosensitive resin composition including: a self-cross-linkable copolymer having structural units of Formulae (1) and (2): ##STR00001##
wherein each R.sup.0 is independently a hydrogen atom or methyl group; X is an —O— group or an —NH— group; R.sup.1 is a single bond or a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group; R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group; a is an integer of 1 to 5, b is an integer of 0 to 4, and when a and b satisfy 1≦a+b≦5, and b is 2, 3, or 4, such R.sup.2 optionally differ from each other; R.sup.3 is a divalent organic group of Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), and R.sup.4 is an organic group having an epoxy group: ##STR00002##
wherein c is an integer of 0 to 3, d is an integer of 1 to 3, and each e is independently an integer of 2 to 6; and a solvent.

A non-photosensitive resin composition including: a self-cross-linkable copolymer having structural units of Formulae (1) and (2): ##STR00001##
wherein each R.sup.0 is independently a hydrogen atom or methyl group; X is an —O— group or an —NH— group; R.sup.1 is a single bond or a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group; R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group; a is an integer of 1 to 5, b is an integer of 0 to 4, and when a and b satisfy 1≦a+b≦5, and b is 2, 3, or 4, such R.sup.2 optionally differ from each other; R.sup.3 is a divalent organic group of Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), and R.sup.4 is an organic group having an epoxy group: ##STR00002##
wherein c is an integer of 0 to 3, d is an integer of 1 to 3, and each e is independently an integer of 2 to 6; and a solvent.

The present invention relates to an anti-reflective film exhibiting one or more peaks (q.sub.max) at a scattering vector of 0.0758 to 0.1256 nm.sup.−1, in a graph showing a log value of scattering intensity to a scattering vector defined in small-angle X-ray scattering.

The present invention relates to an anti-reflective film exhibiting one or more peaks (q.sub.max) at a scattering vector of 0.0758 to 0.1256 nm.sup.−1, in a graph showing a log value of scattering intensity to a scattering vector defined in small-angle X-ray scattering.