Provided is an image sensor including a planar nanophotonic microlens array, and an electronic device including the image sensor that includes a planar nanophotonic microlens array including a plurality of planar nanophotonic microlenses, wherein each of the plurality of planar nanophotonic microlenses includes a high refractive index nanostructure including a dielectric material having a first refractive index and a low refractive index structure including a dielectric material having a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index, and each of the plurality of planar nanophotonic microlenses at a peripheral portion of the planar nanophotonic microlens array has an asymmetric effective refractive index distribution in which an effective refractive index distribution on a first side of the refractive index peak region is different from a second side of the refractive index peak region, the first side being closer to the center portion of the planar nanophotonic microlens array.

A lens pigment suitable for manufacturing value documents by printing technology, includes a carrier substrate which forms a lens base and which is supplied on its front side with a first plastic having at least one elevation that produces a microlens and with a second plastic leveling the first plastic.

A planar lens (100) and a manufacturing method for a planar lens (100) relate to the technical field of lenses, the planar lens (100) being a focusing lens and comprising an acoustic soft material tangible structure (110) and a cover layer (120), the acoustic soft material tangible structure (110) comprises a plurality of combination lenses (130) located in the same plane, each combination lens (130) comprises a circular part (131) and a plurality of concentric annular parts (132) which are continuously arranged around the circular part (131), the thicknesses of each two adjacent annular parts (132) in each combination lens (130) are different, and the thickness of each annular part (132) is related to the focal length of the respective combination lens (130); and the cover layer (120) covers the outer surface of the acoustic soft material tangible structure (110) to form the planar lens (100).

Systems and methods herein are related to the formation of optical devices including stacked optical element layers using silicon wafers, glass, or devices as substrates. The optical elements discussed herein can be fabricated on temporary or permanent substrates. In some examples, the optical devices are fabricated to include transparent substrates or devices including charge-coupled devices (CCD), or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors, light-emitting diodes (LED), a micro-LED (uLED) display, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) or vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSELs). The optical elements can have interlayers formed in between optical element layers, where the interlayers can range in thickness from 1 nm to 3 mm.

A method for fabricating millimeter and sub-millimeter size lenses using a high viscosity curable liquid, such as epoxy. The method comprises dispensing a predetermined volume of the curable liquid onto a substrate. The curable liquid preferably has a viscosity higher than 100 cps. Additionally, to reduce spherical aberration, the curable liquid can be cured upside down to leverage the effects of gravity.

A laser navigational system for a vehicle having a lighting assembly configured for emission of light. A lens array assembly receives incoming light from the lighting assembly and changes the direction of the incoming light received from the lighting assembly such that the outgoing light emanating from the lens array assembly is collimated in a first direction but diverges along a different, second direction. A scanning unit aligns with the lighting assembly to direct the collimated beam in two orthogonal directions. The lighting assembly, the lens array assembly and the scanning unit are configured to direct the light to form a visual beacon that guides navigation of the vehicle to a location.

An optical element according to the present disclosure includes a main body part including an optical part having an optical surface, and a support part which is provided to the optical part, and which is to be supported by a support body, and a functional layer which is provided as a film to the main body part, wherein the functional layer is disposed so as to cover the optical surface of the optical part, and so as not to cover at least a part of the support part.

A method for producing patterns in a layer to be etched, from a stack including at least the layer to be etched and a masking layer overlying the layer to be etched, with the masking layer having at least one pattern. The method includes modifying a first area of the layer to be etched by ion implantation through the masking layer; depositing a buffer layer to cover the pattern of the masking layer; modifying another area of the layer to be etched, different from the first area, by ion implantation through the buffer layer, to a depth of the layer to be etched greater than the implantation depth of the preceding step of modifying; removing the buffer layer; removing the masking layer; removing the modified areas by etching them selectively to the non-modified areas of the layer to be etched.

The present disclosure provides a lens. The lens includes at least two layers of glass wafers, each glass wafer is provided with a lens array including a plurality of lens units, glue is provided around a periphery of each of the lens unit, the lens units of two adjacent layers of glass wafers are correspondingly arranged one to one, and are adhered via the glue, the glass wafer is further provided with an air hole. In the lens provided by the present disclosure, through providing an air hole on the glass wafer of the lens, so that when two adjacent glass wafers are stacked via the glue, air in the sealed space can be exhausted through the air hole, and through filling glue in the air hole of the outermost layer of glass wafer, the sealing effect is achieved, which can avoid packaging defects, and improve product yield.

A non-photosensitive resin composition including: a self-cross-linkable copolymer having structural units of Formulae (1) and (2): ##STR00001##
wherein each R.sup.0 is independently a hydrogen atom or methyl group; X is an —O— group or an —NH— group; R.sup.1 is a single bond or a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group; R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group; a is an integer of 1 to 5, b is an integer of 0 to 4, and when a and b satisfy 1≦a+b≦5, and b is 2, 3, or 4, such R.sup.2 optionally differ from each other; R.sup.3 is a divalent organic group of Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III), and R.sup.4 is an organic group having an epoxy group: ##STR00002##
wherein c is an integer of 0 to 3, d is an integer of 1 to 3, and each e is independently an integer of 2 to 6; and a solvent.