A quantum dot lens, a backlight module, a display device and a manufacturing method of the quantum dot lens are provided. The quantum dot lens includes: a first lens, which is a convex lens and is provided with a first lens surface; a second lens, which is a concave lens and is provided with a second lens surface opposite to the first lens surface; and a quantum dot fluorescent resin layer, provided between the first lens surface and the second lens surface, and including more than one quantum dot fluorescent material. With the above structure, the quantum dot lens has a simple manufacturing process and ease of mass production, saves the quantum dot fluorescent material, and solves the problems of poor consistency and blue light leakage of existing quantum dot lenses.

A graded-index optical element may include a nanovoided material including a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The nanovoided material may be transparent between the first surface and the second surface. Additionally, the nanovoided material may have a predefined change in effective refractive index in at least one axis due to a change in at least one of nanovoid size or nanovoid distribution along the at least one axis. Various other elements, devices, systems, materials, and methods are also disclosed.

The present invention provides a lens substrate stacking position calculating apparatus capable of calculating a stacking position at which the number of lens sets whose optical axis deviation falls within an allowable range is maximized, when a plurality of wafer lens arrays are bonded together even if the position of each lens formed on a wafer substrate is deviated between wafer lens arrays to be stacked. The lens substrate stacking position calculating apparatus calculates the positional relationship of two or more transparent substrates to be stacked when the two or more transparent substrates on which a plurality of lenses are two-dimensionally arranged are stacked to form a plurality of lens sets each including two or more lenses. A position of each lens is specified in advance in a common coordinate system.

Provided are a marker that enables, within a smaller area size, measurement of the position or the attitude of an object, and a marker manufacturing method. The marker is provided with a variable moire pattern 3 that includes a striped pattern 9 which is formed on a two-dimensional plane and a lens array 7 in which a plurality of lenses are arranged on the two-dimensional plane on which the striped pattern 9 is formed.

A nanovoided polymer-based material may include a bulk polymer material defining a plurality of nanovoids and an interfacial film disposed at an interface between each of the plurality of nanovoids and the bulk polymer material. The interfacial film may include one or more layers of material. A method of forming a nanovoided polymer-based material may include (1) forming a bulk polymer material defining a plurality of nanovoids and (2) forming an interfacial film at an interface between each of the plurality of nanovoids and the bulk polymer material. Various other methods, systems, and materials are also disclosed.

In some examples, a method includes forming a material layer on a substrate, partially polymerizing a component of the material layer, to form fluid-filled droplets within a partially polymerized matrix, deforming the material layer to form anisotropic fluid-filled droplets, and further polymerizing the partially polymerized matrix to form an anisotropic voided polymer, including anisotropic voids in a polymer matrix. The anisotropic voids may include anisotropic nanovoids. Example methods may further include depositing electrodes on the anisotropic voided polymer so that at least a portion of the anisotropic voided polymer is located between the electrodes. Examples may include forming electroactive elements including an anisotropic nanovoided polymer, and devices (such as sensors and/or actuators) including electroactive elements.

In some examples, a device includes a multilayer structure, a first electrode, and a second electrode, where the multilayer structure is located at least in part between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the multilayer structure includes a nanovoided polymer layer, and a solid layer. The solid layer may include a non-nanovoided layer. The nanovoided polymer layer may be an electroactive layer. The device may further include a control circuit configured to apply an electrical potential between the first electrode and the second electrode, which may induce a mechanical deformation of the multilayer.

An embodiment according to an aspect of the present disclosure provides a device for manufacturing a display lens, a method for manufacturing a display lens using the device, and a head-mounted display device including the display lens manufactured thereby. The device for manufacturing a display lens including a holographic optical element formed by recording a hologram on a photosensitive substrate, in which a substrate is coated with a photosensitive material, through irradiation of laser beams includes: a first laser light incidence unit configured to cause first laser light, converging along an irradiation direction, to be incident on one surface of the photosensitive substrate; and a second laser light incidence unit configured to cause second laser light, diverging at a plurality of points along an irradiation direction, to be incident on the other surface of the photosensitive substrate.

A micro-optic security device (100) includes a planar array of micro-optic focusing elements (105) and a first arrangement of image icons (120), wherein each image icon (121) of the first arrangement of image icons includes a region of light-cured material. Further, the first arrangement of image icons is visible (320) through the planar array of micro-optic focusing elements across a first predetermined range of viewing angles relative to the micro-optic security device, and the first arrangement of image icons is not visible (360) through the planar array of micro-optic focusing elements across a second pre-determined range of viewing angles relative to the micro-optic security device.

Described herein are embodiments of a diffractive optical element (23) such as a grism. In one embodiment, the diffractive optical element (23) includes an input surface (31) configured to receive an input optical signal (29), a diffractive surface (33) adapted to spatially disperse the input optical beam (29) into a dispersed signal and an output surface (35) configured to output the dispersed signal from the diffractive optical element. The input surface (31) and the diffractive surface (33) are non-parallel and the diffractive surface (33) is formed in situ by a photolithographic technique.