Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention actively align a lens stack array with an array of focal planes to construct an array camera module. In one embodiment, a method for actively aligning a lens stack array with a sensor that has a focal plane array includes: aligning the lens stack array relative to the sensor in an initial position; varying the spatial relationship between the lens stack array and the sensor; capturing images of a known target that has a region of interest using a plurality of active focal planes at different spatial relationships; scoring the images based on the extent to which the region of interest is focused in the images; selecting a spatial relationship between the lens stack array and the sensor based on a comparison of the scores; and forming an array camera subassembly based on the selected spatial relationship.

A lens system includes a first lens array assembly including a first plurality of cells, each cell of the first plurality of cells configured to exhibit a pair of first Fourier transform lenses, and a second lens array assembly including a second plurality of cells, each cell of the second plurality of cells configured to exhibit a pair of second Fourier transform lenses. The first Fourier transform lenses have a first pitch. The second Fourier transform lenses have a second pitch differing from the first pitch. The first and second lens array assemblies are positioned relative to one another along an optical axis of the lens system such that a Fourier transform of light from an object is developed at a plane between the first and second lens array assemblies and an image of the object is provided at an image conjugate distance from the second lens array assembly.

A lens unit includes a first lens array including a plurality of first lens elements. The first lens array satisfies D.sub.1≦0.25.Math.P.sub.1 where P.sub.1 is a pitch in a first direction between optical axes of adjacent ones of the first lens elements, and D.sub.1 is a displacement amount that is an absolute value of a difference between a first length W.sub.E1 from a center position of the first lens array to an end position of the first lens array in the first direction at a first temperature, and a second length W.sub.E2 from the center position of the first lens array to the end position of the first lens array at a second temperature higher than the first temperature by 30° C.

An array imaging module includes a molded photosensitive assembly which includes a supporting member, at least a circuit board, at least two photosensitive units, at least two lead wires, and a mold sealer. The photosensitive units are coupled at the chip coupling area of the circuit board. The lead wires are electrically connected the photosensitive units at the chip coupling area of the circuit board. The mold sealer includes a main mold body and has two optical windows. When the main mold body is formed, the lead wires, the circuit board and the photosensitive units are sealed and molded by the main mold body of the mold sealer, such that after the main mold body is formed, the main mold body and at least a portion of the circuit board are integrally formed together at a position that the photosensitive units are aligned with the optical windows respectively.

The depth of field of an erecting equal-magnification lens array unit as a whole is expanded. An erecting equal-magnification lens array unit (13) includes a first lens array (17) and a second lens array (18). The first lens array (17) includes a plurality of first lenses (20). The first lenses are arranged in the first lens array (17) along a first direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the optical axes of the first lenses (20). The second lens array (18) includes a plurality of second lenses. The optical axes of the second lenses overlap with the optical axes of the first lenses. The second lenses are arranged in the second lens array (18) along the first direction. Each first lens (20) and second lens with overlapping optical axes form an optical system.

A first lens body and a second lens body are fixed to, using an adhesive layer, a surface of a lens fixing plate determined by intersection of a straight line in an optical axis direction and a straight line in a longitudinal direction, such that the lens fixing plate in which a lens fixing plate opening is formed in a lateral direction overlaps, when viewed in the lateral direction, at least a portion of a junction at which the first lens body and the second lens body are bonded to each other. A first adjustment member is brought into contact with the first lens body via at least one hole into which the first adjustment member is inserted A second adjustment member is brought into contact with the second lens body via at least one hole and into which the second adjustment member is inserted.

The disclosure presents methods and apparatus of light transmission control, comprising two layers of film separated by air, wherein each film is inlaid with a convex micro-lenses array. The first film will focus incoming light through the microlens, whereas the second film contains a grid of opaque areas that will be structured to block or un-block the focal planes of light depending on the thickness of the air layer. When the light is unblocked, the micro lens array in the second film will disperse the light to the other side of the film so it appears transparent or translucent. An attached hand pump can control the thickness of the air layer. The method and apparatus to control light levels is effective, reliable, affordable, intuitive and easy to use. The films can be attached to existing surfaces provide full transparency, a dimming effect, or complete blackout.

Provided is a lighting device capable of manipulating a wider range of parameters to reproduce various light sources. A light source unit 10 includes, for example, a liquid crystal panel and a backlight, and each pixel is a light source capable of adjusting innumerable hues and intensities capable of adjusting hue and intensity. A lenticular lens 20 includes an array of a plurality of lenticules, and is arranged such that a plurality of light sources capable of adjusting hue and intensity is associated with each lenticule. In addition, on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion of each lenticule, a partition is formed to block emission light from the pixel below the adjacent lenticule, thereby preventing repetition.

Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention implement optical systems incorporating lens elements formed separately and subsequently bonded to low coefficient of thermal expansion substrates. Optical systems in accordance with various embodiments of the invention can be utilized in single aperture cameras, and multiple-aperture array cameras. In one embodiment, a robust optical system includes at least one carrier characterized by a low coefficient of thermal expansion to which at least a primary lens element formed from precision molded glass is bonded.

A filtering apparatus formed by a plurality of channel systems. Each of the channel systems include an inlet port formed on an inlet side of the plate; no more than one outlet port formed on an outlet side of the plate; and a channel formed in the plate, the channel coupled to the inlet port and to the outlet port, wherein the ratio of the product of the capture area of the inlet ports of a channel system with the first transmissivity associated with the inlet ports to the product of the capture area of the outlet ports of a channel system with the second transmissivity associated with the outlet ports is greater than one. The channel system is configured to interact with objects of interest on a scale which is smaller than a value several orders of magnitude larger than the mean free path of an object of interest. Some plate embodiments are configured to interact with particles, such as air molecules, water molecules, or aerosols. Other plate embodiments are configured to interact with waves or wavelike particles, such as electrons, photons, phonons or acoustic waves.