An imaging device may include single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). To improve the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of the SPADs, light scattering structures may be formed in the semiconductor substrate to increase the path length of incident light through the semiconductor substrate. To mitigate crosstalk, an isolation structure may be formed in a ring around the SPAD. The isolation structure may be a hybrid isolation structure with both a metal filler that absorbs light and a low-index filler that reflects light. The isolation structure may be formed as a single trench or may include a backside deep trench isolation portion and a front side deep trench isolation portion. The isolation structure may also include a color filtering material.

An imaging device may include single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). To improve the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of the SPADs, light scattering structures may be formed in the semiconductor substrate to increase the path length of incident light through the semiconductor substrate. To mitigate crosstalk, an isolation structure may be formed in a ring around the SPAD. The isolation structure may be a hybrid isolation structure with both a metal filler that absorbs light and a low-index filler that reflects light. The isolation structure may be formed as a single trench or may include a backside deep trench isolation portion and a front side deep trench isolation portion. The isolation structure may also include a color filtering material.

A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) chip includes a structured light (SL) VCSEL array, and a fill VCSEL array. The SL VCSEL array includes a plurality of first VCSELs on a substrate. The fill VCSEL array includes a plurality of second VCSELs on the substrate. The fill VCSEL array is positioned orthogonal to the SL VCSEL array on the substrate. Light emitted from the SL VCSEL array may be used to form a bar pattern, and light from the SL VCSEL array and the fill VCSEL array together may be used to form flood illumination.

In a method, it is determined that a detachable lens is mounted on an image capture device in a first orientation. A first image of a controlled scene is captured with the detachable lens mounted in the first orientation. It is determined that the detachable lens is mounted on the image capture device in a second orientation that is rotated approximately 180 degrees from the first orientation. A second image of the controlled scene is captured with the detachable lens in the second orientation. A first image circle center of the first image is determined. A second image circle center of the second image is determined. An average image circle center is determined, based on the first image circle center and the second image circle center. The average image circle center is provided to an image stabilization algorithm when the detachable lens is mounted on the image capture device.

In a method, it is determined that a detachable lens is mounted on an image capture device in a first orientation. A first image of a controlled scene is captured with the detachable lens mounted in the first orientation. It is determined that the detachable lens is mounted on the image capture device in a second orientation that is rotated approximately 180 degrees from the first orientation. A second image of the controlled scene is captured with the detachable lens in the second orientation. A first image circle center of the first image is determined. A second image circle center of the second image is determined. An average image circle center is determined, based on the first image circle center and the second image circle center. The average image circle center is provided to an image stabilization algorithm when the detachable lens is mounted on the image capture device.

An optical probe includes a cylindrical lens adapted to receive and transmit incident light. A light-emitting surface of the cylindrical lens is a curved end surface having a concentric ring-shaped diffractive microstructure. A working position of the optical probe is a position where a diffraction order is 1 when the incident light having a design wavelength between a first wavelength and a second wavelength passes through the diffractive microstructure. When passing through the cylindrical lens, the incident light having the first wavelength produces a diffraction effect with the diffractive microstructure and is converged at a first wavelength working position approximately the same as the working position of the optical probe with the diffraction order of 1. After being refracted by the curved end surface, the incident light having the second wavelength is converged at a second wavelength working position approximately the same as the working position of the optical probe.

An optical probe includes a cylindrical lens adapted to receive and transmit incident light. A light-emitting surface of the cylindrical lens is a curved end surface having a concentric ring-shaped diffractive microstructure. A working position of the optical probe is a position where a diffraction order is 1 when the incident light having a design wavelength between a first wavelength and a second wavelength passes through the diffractive microstructure. When passing through the cylindrical lens, the incident light having the first wavelength produces a diffraction effect with the diffractive microstructure and is converged at a first wavelength working position approximately the same as the working position of the optical probe with the diffraction order of 1. After being refracted by the curved end surface, the incident light having the second wavelength is converged at a second wavelength working position approximately the same as the working position of the optical probe.

A light source is specified which comprises a planar semiconductor light source comprising a plurality of independently operable single emitters, wherein, during operation, each of the single emitters emits light via respective single luminous surface. Furthermore, the light source has a common optical element which is arranged directly downstream of the single emitters and which is embodied and intended to direct light from different single emitters into different solid angle regions, wherein the single emitters are arranged defocused with respect to the optical element and the individual light surfaces are imaged in a blurred manner by the optical element.

Provided is a lighting device capable of manipulating a wider range of parameters to reproduce various light sources. A light source unit 10 includes, for example, a liquid crystal panel and a backlight, and each pixel is a light source capable of adjusting innumerable hues and intensities capable of adjusting hue and intensity. A lenticular lens 20 includes an array of a plurality of lenticules, and is arranged such that a plurality of light sources capable of adjusting hue and intensity is associated with each lenticule. In addition, on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion of each lenticule, a partition is formed to block emission light from the pixel below the adjacent lenticule, thereby preventing repetition.

Provided is a lighting device capable of manipulating a wider range of parameters to reproduce various light sources. A light source unit 10 includes, for example, a liquid crystal panel and a backlight, and each pixel is a light source capable of adjusting innumerable hues and intensities capable of adjusting hue and intensity. A lenticular lens 20 includes an array of a plurality of lenticules, and is arranged such that a plurality of light sources capable of adjusting hue and intensity is associated with each lenticule. In addition, on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion of each lenticule, a partition is formed to block emission light from the pixel below the adjacent lenticule, thereby preventing repetition.