A structure includes a support 10, a first optical filter layer 24 provided on the support, a light scattering layer 50 provided on the light path of the first optical filter layer 24, and a second optical filter layer 21, 22, 23, 25, and 26 provided on the support 10, on a different region from the region where the first optical filter layer is provided, and the light scattering layer 50 is not provided on the light path of the second optical filter layer.

A spectral filter may include a plurality of filter arrays each including a plurality of unit filters having different center wavelengths from each other. Each of the plurality of unit filters may include a first metal reflection layer and a second metal reflection layer which are disposed to be apart from each other; a cavity including a first pattern and being arranged between the first metal reflection layer and the second metal reflection layer; and a lower pattern film being disposed under the first metal reflection layer and including a second pattern. In unit filters having a same center wavelength in each of the plurality of unit filters corresponding to the plurality of filter arrays, the first pattern of the cavity and the second pattern of the lower pattern film may vary according to a position of the unit filters.

Disclosed herein is metasurface modules configured to reduce the cost of integration of metasurface elements within a housing and methods of manufacturing thereof. One particular embodiment includes a metasurface module including: a secondary substrate; and a metasurface chip mounted on the secondary substrate. The secondary substrate laterally extends from all sides of the metasurface chip to completely surround the metasurface chip. The secondary substrate may be utilized to mount the metasurface chip within a housing which decreases the size of the metasurface chip and ultimately decreases manufacturing costs of the metasurface chip.

An image sensor includes a pixel division structure, a light sensing element, a color filter array layer and a microlens. The pixel division structure extends through a substrate in a vertical direction, and defines unit pixel regions. The light sensing element is in each unit pixel region. The color filter array layer including color filters is on the substrate. The microlens is on the color filter array layer. The pixel division structure includes a core and a lateral pattern structure on a sidewall thereof. The core includes a first filling pattern including polysilicon doped with impurities at a first concentration and a second filling pattern in a space formed by the first filling pattern. A sidewall of the second filling pattern is covered by the first filling pattern, and the second filling pattern includes polysilicon doped with impurities at a second concentration different from the first concentration.

An electronic device includes a display; a camera module disposed to overlap at least a portion of the display and comprising at least one first image sensor module to generate a first Bayer image processed by a first color filter array and at least one second image sensor module to generate a second Bayer image processed by a second color filter array; and a processor. The first color filter array includes at least one first red pixel, at least one first green pixel, and at least one first blue pixel. The second color filter array includes at least one second red pixel, at least one second green pixel, and at least one second blue pixel. A proportion of the least one second blue pixel in the second color filter array is greater than a proportion of the least one first blue pixel in the first color filter array.

An image sensor including: a substrate which has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface and pixels arranged in a two-dimensional array, wherein each of the pixels includes a photodiode; a multi-wiring layer arranged on the first surface of the substrate; a color filter layer arranged on the second surface of the substrate and including color filters that respectively correspond to the pixels; and a lens layer arranged on the color filter layer and including a double-sided spherical lens, wherein the double-sided spherical lens includes at least two material layers having different refractive indexes.

An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a fiber array and an optical assembly. The fiber array includes a common channel and a plurality of divided. channels arranged in parallel in a first direction and extending along a second direction, and the fiber array has a first surface from a top view perspective. The optical assembly is coupled to the first surface of the fiber array. The first surface and the common channel of the fiber array form an angle less than 90 degrees from the top view perspective.

A large single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array is integrated with optical waveguide (WG) based devices. SPAD is a very sensitive optical detector fabricated on a semiconductor chip and WG structures are also built into the same chip. WG structures are configured to accumulate SPAD detection current. Together, they form an ultra-sensitive optical detector with high-speed response and a large aperture.

An optical test apparatus includes a light convergence element, an optical filter, and an image sensor. The light convergence element converges light from a subject. The optical filter is arranged on an optical axis of the light convergence element. The image sensor is arranged in an effective region not crossing the optical axis of the light convergence element, and receives light passing through the light convergence element and the optical filter.

A display panel includes an upper display substrate including a first pixel area, a second pixel area, a third pixel area, and a light blocking area surrounding the first, second, and third pixel areas and a lower display substrate including a light emitting element. The upper display substrate includes a base substrate, a first bank overlapping the light blocking area and disposed on the base substrate, a second bank overlapping the light blocking area and disposed on the base substrate, a bridge bank disposed on the base substrate between the first bank and the second bank, and an organic material pattern at least a portion of which is disposed on the bridge bank forming a column spacer. The display panel has improved reliability.