A mode-dependent loss measurement device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure measures a mode-dependent loss of a measurement target optical fiber including a coupled MCF. The device includes a light source, a light receiver, mode coupled state change means, and an analysis unit. The light source inputs light to an input end of an excitation optical fiber including another coupled MCF. The light receiver detects a sum of powers of outputted light beams from a plurality of core end faces positioned on an output end of the measurement target optical fiber. The mode coupled state change means changes a mode coupled state of the excitation optical fiber. The analysis unit obtains a mode-dependent loss of the measurement target optical fiber from variations in optical powers detected by the light receiver.

The present disclosure provides devices, systems, circuits, and effective methods for advanced optical applications using plasmonics and ENZ materials. The disclosure provides for enhancement of the optical tunability of phase and amplitude of propagating plasmons, nonlinear-optical effects, and resonant network in optical fiber tip nanocircuits and integrates the tunable plasmonic and ENZ effects for in-fiber applications to provide optical fiber with high operating speed and low power consumption. The invention yields efficient coupling of a plasmonic functional nanocircuit on the facet of an optical fiber core. The invention also can use gate-tunable ENZ materials to electrically and nonlinear optically tune the plasmonic nanocircuits for advanced light manipulation. The invention efficiently integrates and manipulates the voltage-tuned ENZ resonance for phase and amplitude modulation in optical fiber nanocircuits.

Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy relays for energy directing systems and Transverse Anderson Localization. Systems and methods include providing first and second component engineered structures with first and second sets of engineered properties and forming a medium using the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure. The forming step includes randomizing a first engineered property in a first orientation of the medium resulting in a first variability of that engineered property in that plane, and the values of the second engineered property allowing for a variation of the first engineered property in a second orientation of the medium, where the variation of the first engineered property in the second orientation is less than the variation of the first engineered property in the first orientation.

In some implementations, a waveguide may comprise an inner core to receive a first beam and an outer core surrounding the inner core to receive a second beam that is displaced from the first beam by an offset. The outer core may comprise a beam guiding region that rotationally expands over a length of the waveguide into an annulus that concentrically surrounds the inner core or a partial annulus that partially surrounds the inner core. For example, the beam guiding region may be defined by one or more low refractive index features that have a varied orientation and/or a varied shape over the length of the waveguide such that the second beam enters the waveguide as an offset beam and exits from the waveguide as a ring-shaped beam or a partial ring-shaped beam.

It is necessary to reduce the power consumption of a plurality of optical amplifiers when there is a difference in the required pumping power between the plurality of optical amplifiers; therefore, an optical amplifying apparatus according to an exemplary aspect of the invention includes a plurality of optical amplifying means for amplifying a plurality of optical signals, each of the plurality of optical amplifying means including a gain medium; a plurality of laser light generating means for generating a plurality of laser beams; at least one optical coupling means for coupling the plurality of laser beams variably in accordance with a coupling factor and outputting a plurality of excitation light beams, each of the plurality of excitation light beams exciting the gain medium; and controlling means for controlling the coupling factor and an output power of each of the plurality of laser light generating means.

A light fiber and an illuminating device are disclosed. In an embodiment a light fiber includes a cladding and at least two cores configured to conduct electromagnetic radiation, wherein each core comprises an incoupling surface at one end of the light fiber, wherein the incoupling surfaces of different cores are not contiguous, wherein each of the cladding and/or the cores includes at least one outcoupling zone configured to outcouple the electromagnetic radiation from the cores, wherein the light fiber is configured to emit at least a majority of the electromagnetic radiation in a region of outcoupling zone transverse to a main extension direction of the light fiber, wherein the cores are configured to guide primary radiation, and wherein the outcoupling zone is configured to mix the primary radiation so that mixed light is emitted from the light fiber.

In some implementations, an emitter module may include an emitter array that includes multiple emitters, and an optical fiber that includes multiple cores within a single cladding. The emitter array may be optically coupled to a tip of the optical fiber such that each emitter, of the multiple emitters of the emitter array, is optically coupled to a respective core of the multiple cores of the optical fiber. The optical fiber may include an integral lens at the tip of the optical fiber. The integral lens at the tip of the optical fiber may be in alignment with the multiple cores of the optical fiber.

An optical fiber includes a core, a first clad that is provided on an outer circumferential portion of the core and has a refractive index lower than that of the core, and a second clad that is provided on an outer circumferential portion of the first clad and has a refractive index lower than that of the first clad. In the optical fiber, a mode field diameter at a wavelength of 1.55 μm is equal to or greater than 11.5 μm, a cutoff wavelength is equal to or less than 1.53 μm, a bending loss at a bending radius of 30 mm and a wavelength of 1.625 μm is equal to or less than 2.0 dB/100 turns, and a delay time of transmission light per unit length at a wavelength of 1.55 μm is equal to or less than 4.876 μs/km.

A light detection device includes: a first optical fiber including a first core surrounded by a first cladding; a second optical fiber including a second core surrounded by a second cladding; a first cladding mode stripper provided outside the first cladding; a first light detector; and a second light detector. The second core has a diameter larger than a diameter of the first core and is connected to the first core. In a longitudinal direction of the first optical fiber, the first light detector is disposed on one side of the first cladding mode stripper and the second light detector is disposed on another side of the first cladding mode stripper.

A communication device includes: a switching unit connected to a transmission unit, a reception unit, a transmission port, and a reception port, the switching unit being set in a first state in which the transmission unit and the transmission port are connected and the reception unit and the reception port are connected or a second state in which the transmission unit and the reception port are connected and the reception unit and the transmission port are connected; a monitoring unit configured to monitor a light level of light input from the reception port or the transmission port; and a control unit configured to set the switching unit in the first state or the second state based on the light level monitored by the monitoring unit.