A filter device including a filter and waveguide tubes broadens a band in which return loss is small. A filter device (1) includes: a filter (11) including wide walls (13, 14) and narrow walls (16); and first and second waveguide tubes (21, 31). The filter 11 includes first and second columnar conductors (pins 18 and 19) each passing through an opening (13a1 or 13a2) which is provided in the wide wall (conductor layer 13) and having one end portion (181, 191) located inside the substrate (12). The first and second waveguide tubes (21, 31) are placed such that each of the first and second columnar conductors (pin 18, 19) passes through an opening (22a, 23a) and such that another end portion (182, 192) of each of the columnar conductors (pin 18, 19) is located inside the waveguide tube (21, 31).

The invention describes a fiber light module comprising at least two light distribution fibers, wherein each light distribution fiber is enclosed in a corresponding fiber guiding tube, wherein the fiber guiding tubes are at least partly translucent and mechanically coupled by a stabilization structure, wherein the fiber light module further comprises a guiding structure mechanically coupled to the stabilization structure by means of a mechanical coupling interface, wherein the guiding structure is arranged to preserve a spatial arrangement of the stabilization structure along the mechanical coupling interface. The invention further describes a vehicle signaling light assembly comprising such a fiber light module and a vehicle signaling light which comprises such a vehicle signaling light assembly or fiber light module.

A method of fabricating a variable diameter fiber includes providing a fiber optic cable comprising a cladding region, a fiber core, and a plurality of sacrificial regions disposed in the cladding region and focusing a laser beam at a series of predetermined locations inside the fiber optic cable. The method also includes creating a series of damage sites associated with the series of predetermined locations, wherein the series of damage sites define a variable diameter profile and a latticework in the cladding region of the fiber optic cable. The method further includes exposing the fiber optic cable to an etchant solution, preferentially etching the series of damage sites, and separating peripheral portions of the fiber optic cable to release the variable diameter fiber.

Cable/line systems and related methods are provided. The cable/line systems include at least one central cable and an optical waveguide surrounding the cable. The optical waveguide includes an inner cladding, a core, and an outer cladding. Scattering structures are dispersed within the optical waveguide. The optical waveguide is configured to scatter light by way of the scattering structures away from the core to emit radial lighting along the length of the optical waveguide. The spectrum and/or luminance of the emitted light is controlled according to properties of the cable/line.

A high backscattering optical fiber comprising a perturbed segment in which the perturbed segment reflects a relative power such that the optical fiber has an effective index of n.sub.eff, a numerical aperture of NA, a scatter of R.sub.p.fwdarw.r.sup.(fiber), a total transmission loss of .sub.fiber, an in-band range greater than one nanometer (1 nm), a center wavelength (.sub.0) of the in-band range (wherein 950 nm<.sub.0<1700 nm), and a figure of merit (FOM) in the in-band range. The FOM>1, with the FOM being defined as:

[00001]$\mathrm{FOM}=\frac{R_{p.fwdarw.r}^{\left(\mathrm{fiber}\right)}}{{{}_{\mathrm{fiber}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{NA}}{2.Math.n_{\mathrm{eff}}}\right)}^2}.$

Embodiments relate to a noise suppressor for suppressing noise of an optical signal, including a core through which the optical signal travels, a clad that is wrapped around the core and configured to expose part of the core, and a graphene layer formed on the part of the core, and a digital optical signal generation system including the same.

A fiber-based sensor and a method of forming a fiber-based sensor using microsphere lithography techniques in which a microsphere array is applied to a surface of a tip of an optical fiber to provide for microsphere lithography fabrication of a desired pattern on the tip of the optical fiber. The characteristics of the pattern define sensing capabilities of the sensor to provide for chemical and/or biological sensing.

A method of forming a metallized minor coating on a light diffusing optical fiber (110) includes contacting an end face (118) of a second end (114) of a light diffusing optical fiber (110) with a metallized mirror precursor. The light diffusing optical fiber (110) includes a first end (112) opposite the second end (114), a core (120), a polymer cladding (122) surrounding the core (120) and coplanar with the core at the end face (118) of the second end (114), an outer surface (128), and a plurality of scattering structures (125) positioned within the core (120), the polymer cladding (122), or both, that are configured to scatter guided light toward the outer surface (128) of the light diffusing optical fiber (110). The method also includes heating the metallized minor precursor such that the metallized mirror precursor bonds to the core (120) and the polymer cladding (122) at the end face (118) of the second end (114) thereby forming a metallized minor coating on the end face (118) of the second end (114).

A light distribution structure 10 and a related element 100, such as a light guide, are provided. The structure 10 is preferably an optically functional layer comprising an at least one feature pattern 11, 11A established in a light-transmitting carrier by a plurality of three-dimensional optical features variable in terms of at least one of the cross-sectional profile, dimensions, periodicity, orientation and disposition thereof within the feature pattern. In some instances, the optical features are embodied as internal optical cavities 12 capable to establish the total internal reflection (TIR) function at a horizontal surface and at an essentially vertical surface thereof. A method for manufacturing the light distribution structure is further provided.

A method of fabricating a variable diameter fiber includes providing a fiber optic cable, focusing a laser beam at a predetermined location inside the fiber optic cable, and creating a damage site at the predetermined location. The method also includes focusing the laser beam at a series of additional predetermined locations inside the fiber optic cable and creating a plurality of additional damage sites at the additional predetermined locations. The damage site and the additional damage sites define a variable diameter profile. The method further includes exposing the fiber optic cable to an etchant solution, preferentially etching the damage site and the plurality of additional damage sites, and separating a portion of the fiber optic cable to release the variable diameter fiber.