There is provided converter lens system including a first lens that is a negative lens of which both surfaces are concave, a second lens that is a negative lens of which both an image plane side and an object side are convex toward an object side, and a third lens that is a positive lens of which both sides are convex. The first to third lenses are disposed in this order from the object side, and the converter lens system is inserted and used between an imaging lens and a camera.

There is provided converter lens system including a first lens that is a negative lens of which both surfaces are concave, a second lens that is a negative lens of which both an image plane side and an object side are convex toward an object side, and a third lens that is a positive lens of which both sides are convex. The first to third lenses are disposed in this order from the object side, and the converter lens system is inserted and used between an imaging lens and a camera.

A method and an apparatus of a powder bed fusion additive manufacturing system that enables a quick change in the optical beam delivery size and intensity across locations of a print surface for different powdered materials while ensuring high availability of the system. A dynamic optical assembly containing a set of lens assemblies of different magnification ratios and a mechanical assembly may change the magnification ratios as needed. The dynamic optical assembly may include a transitional and rotational position control of the optics to minimize variations of the optical beam sizes across the print surface.

A method and an apparatus of a powder bed fusion additive manufacturing system that enables a quick change in the optical beam delivery size and intensity across locations of a print surface for different powdered materials while ensuring high availability of the system. A dynamic optical assembly containing a set of lens assemblies of different magnification ratios and a mechanical assembly may change the magnification ratios as needed. The dynamic optical assembly may include a transitional and rotational position control of the optics to minimize variations of the optical beam sizes across the print surface.

A converter lens includes three or more negative lenses and increases the focal length of an entire system, in which an average refractive index Ndave at the d-line (wavelength of 587.56 nm) of a material of all the negative lenses included in the converter lens is defined.

An additive manufacturing system including a two-dimensional energy patterning system for imaging a powder bed is disclosed. Improved structure formation, part creation and manipulation, use of multiple additive manufacturing systems, and high throughput manufacturing methods suitable for automated or semi-automated factories are also disclosed.

An additive manufacturing system including a two-dimensional energy patterning system for imaging a powder bed is disclosed. Improved structure formation, part creation and manipulation, use of multiple additive manufacturing systems, and high throughput manufacturing methods suitable for automated or semi-automated factories are also disclosed.

A device for the optical measurement of a distance from a reflecting or scattering target object is disclosed. The device has a distance measurement device and an adjusting device arranged outside of the distance measurement device having a second transmission optical unit adjustable between a first and second position for forming the laser light into a beam, where in the first position, the second transmission optical unit is arranged in the laser beam, and in the second position, it is arranged outside of the laser beam.

A device for the optical measurement of a distance from a reflecting or scattering target object is disclosed. The device has a distance measurement device and an adjusting device arranged outside of the distance measurement device having a second transmission optical unit adjustable between a first and second position for forming the laser light into a beam, where in the first position, the second transmission optical unit is arranged in the laser beam, and in the second position, it is arranged outside of the laser beam.

A method for adjusting the magnification scale of an optical imaging device for exposing or inspecting substrates is provided. The optical imaging device includes a first optical element group, which includes a plurality of first optical elements in an imaging beam path. The method includes replacing optical elements of the first optical element group in the imaging beam path by optical elements of a second optical element group for the purposes of adjusting the magnification scale. The first optical element group includes two reflecting optical elements with first optical parameters, which define a first Petzval sum. The second optical element group includes two reflecting optical elements with second optical parameters, which define a second Petzval sum. The value of the first Petzval sum is at least substantially identical to the value of the second Petzval sum.