An optical device (1) includes two prism bodies (41, 42) and four side panels (71-74) attached to both prism bodies (41, 42). A cavity (9) is thereby enclosed. A first reflector (81) can be present at a first side face (81) of the first prism body (41), and a second reflector (82) can be present at a second side face (82) of the second prism body (42). At least one of the prism bodies (41, 42) and/or at least one of the side panels (71-74) can be at least in part made of a non-transparent dielectric material such as a printed circuit board. In some implementations, an optoelectronic component (90) can be attached to the respective constituent of the optical device (1).

Disclosed are high-density energy directing devices and systems thereof for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted displays. In general, the head-mounted display system includes one or more energy devices and one or more energy relay elements, each energy relay element having a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is disposed in energy propagation paths of the one or more energy devices and the second surface of each of the one or more energy relay elements is arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface. A separation between edges of any two adjacent second surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity of a human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance from the singular seamless energy surface, the distance being greater than the lesser of: half of a height of the singular seamless energy surface, or half of a width of the singular seamless energy surface.

The present disclosure relates to contaminant detection systems and related optical systems and methods. An example contaminant detection system includes an optical coupler configured to couple light into and/or out of an optical element. The contaminant detection system also includes a plurality of light-emitter devices configured to emit emission light toward the optical coupler. The contaminant detection system additionally includes a plurality of detector devices configured to detect at least a portion of the emission light by way of the optical element and the optical coupler. The plurality of detector devices is also configured to provide detector signals indicative of a presence of a contaminant on the optical element.

Disclosed are energy systems configured to direct energy according to a four-dimensional (4D) plenoptic function. In general, the energy systems include a plurality of energy devices, an energy relay system having one or more relay elements arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface, and an energy waveguide system such that energy can be relayed along energy propagation paths through the energy waveguide system to the singular seamless energy surface or from the singular seamless energy surface through the energy relay system to the plurality of energy devices.

Holographic energy directing systems may include a waveguide array and a relay element. Disclosed calibration approaches allows for mapping of energy locations and mapping of energy locations to angular direction of energy as defined in a four-dimensional plenopic system. Distortions due to the waveguide array and relay element may also be compensated.

Holographic energy directing systems may include a waveguide array and a relay element. Disclosed calibration approaches allows for mapping of energy locations and mapping of energy locations to angular direction of energy as defined in a four-dimensional plenoptic system. Distortions due to the waveguide array and relay element may also be compensated.

Disclosed embodiments include an energy directing device having one or more energy relay elements configured to direct energy from one or more energy locations through the device. In an embodiment, surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements may form a singular seamless energy surface where a separation between adjacent energy relay element surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour. In disclosed embodiments, energy is produced at energy locations having an active energy surface and a mechanical envelope. In an embodiment, the energy directing device is configured to relay energy from the energy locations through the singular seamless energy surface while minimizing separation between energy locations due to their mechanical envelope. In embodiments, the energy relay elements may comprise energy relays utilizing transverse Anderson localization phenomena.

Disclosed are high-density energy directing devices and systems thereof for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted displays. In general, the head-mounted display system includes one or more energy devices and one or more energy relay elements, each energy relay element having a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is disposed in energy propagation paths of the one or more energy devices and the second surface of each of the one or more energy relay elements is arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface. A separation between edges of any two adjacent second surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity of a human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance from the singular seamless energy surface, the distance being greater than the lesser of: half of a height of the singular seamless energy surface, or half of a width of the singular seamless energy surface.

Disclosed embodiments include an energy directing device having one or more energy relay elements configured to direct energy from one or more energy locations through the device. In an embodiment, surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements may form a singular seamless energy surface where a separation between adjacent energy relay element surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour. In disclosed embodiments, energy is produced at energy locations having an active energy surface and a mechanical envelope. In an embodiment, the energy directing device is configured to relay energy from the energy locations through the singular seamless energy surface while minimizing separation between energy locations due to their mechanical envelope. In embodiments, the energy relay elements may comprise energy relays utilizing transverse Anderson localization phenomena.

The present disclosure relates to contaminant detection systems and related optical systems and methods. An example contaminant detection system includes an optical coupler configured to couple light into and/or out of an optical element. The contaminant detection system also includes a plurality of light-emitter devices configured to emit emission light toward the optical coupler. The contaminant detection system additionally includes a plurality of detector devices configured to detect at least a portion of the emission light by way of the optical element and the optical coupler. The plurality of detector devices is also configured to provide detector signals indicative of a presence of a contaminant on the optical element.