A solar concentrator utilizes an arrangement of an outer reflective ring around a centrally located inner reflective cone to concentrate light. The reflective surface of the outer reflective ring is substantially 45 degrees from a transmitted light source. Light from the light source is reflected off of the outer reflective ring to produce a reflected light having a light reflective axis. The reflected light is directed toward the inner reflective cone and is reflected off of the reflective surface of the inner reflective cone as transmitted light toward alight receiver. The reflective surface of the inner reflective cone is configured at 45 degrees from the light reflective axis. The light receiver may convert the transmitted light into electricity or heat a fluid or other article. A solar tracker may be used to keep the central axis of the solar concentrator aligned with the sun.

Methods for imaging a sample using fluorescence microscopy, systems for imaging a sample using fluorescence microscopy, and illumination systems for fluorescence microscopes. In some examples, a method includes positioning the sample such that a plane of interest of the sample is coplanar with a focal plane of a detection objective of a microscope. The method includes positioning a paraboloidal minor around the sample such that a focal point of the paraboloidal mirror is coplanar with the focal plane of the detection objective and the plane of interest of the sample. The method includes directing a beam of annularly collimated excitation light on the paraboloidal minor to focus a disc of light on the sample and thereby to provide 360 degree lateral illumination of the sample. The method includes imaging the sample through the detection objective.

There is set forth herein a device comprising structure defining a detector surface configured for supporting biological or chemical substances, and a sensor array comprising light sensors and circuitry to transmit data signals using photons detected by the light sensors. The device can include one or more features for reducing fluorescence range noise in a detection band of the sensor array.

There is set forth herein a device comprising structure defining a detector surface configured for supporting biological or chemical substances, and a sensor array comprising light sensors and circuitry to transmit data signals using photons detected by the light sensors. The device can include one or more features for reducing fluorescence range noise in a detection band of the sensor array.

An illumination device includes a light converter that primary light enters and that is configured to convert at least part of the primary light into secondary light having a second wavelength that differs from a first wavelength of the primary light and to diffuse the secondary light, a first reflector configured to reflect at least part of the diffused secondary light toward the light converter, and a holder holding at least one of the first reflector and the light converter. The first reflector and the light converter are separated from each other so that the primary light transmitted through the first reflector enters the light converter.

A laser annealing apparatus, a fabrication method of a polysilicon thin film, and a fabrication method of a thin film transistor are provided. The laser annealing apparatus includes: a laser generator, an optical system and an annealing chamber. The laser generator is configured to emit a laser beam, and the laser beam is guided to the annealing chamber via the optical system. The optical system includes a beam splitter, the beam splitter decomposes the laser beam into a first beam and a second beam, an energy density of the first beam is greater than an energy density of the second beam, and the first beam and the second beam are guided into the annealing chamber for laser annealing.

The invention relates to an image generating device (20) comprising: at least one light source (23), a screen (21) designed to be backlit by said light source, and a reflector (25) arranged between said light source and screen and designed to reflect at least some of the light emitted by the light source. According to the invention, the reflector defines a housing (280) designed to receive the screen such that the reflector has a zone (290) of thermal contact with the screen. The invention also relates to a head-up display comprising an image generating device of this type.

An electronic mirror screen with a light filling structure includes a first and second mirror screen main bodies (1), (2) and a linkage mechanism (3). The first mirror screen main body (1) includes a first moving portion (10) and a first light emitting portion (11). The second mirror screen main body (2) includes a second moving portion (20) and a second light emitting portion (21) having a receiving space (200) provided for the first moving portion (10) to be received therein. The first and second light emitting portions (11), (21) respectively located at two opposite sides of the first and second moving portions (10), (20). The linkage mechanism (3) arranged between the first and second moving portions (10), (20) and located at one side of the receiving space (200), includes a movable light guiding plate (30) and a linkage assembly (31) for driving the movable light guiding plate (30).

A method of anti-fouling of a surface while said surface is at least partially submersed in an liquid environment, comprising: providing an anti-fouling light; distributing at least part of the light through an optical medium comprising a silicone material and/or UV grade fused silica; emitting the anti-fouling light from the optical medium and from the surface.

An optical apparatus includes a rotatable reflecting member including a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface, an optical system including a plurality of reflecting surfaces and configured to sequentially reflect light having been reflected at the first reflecting surface at the plurality of reflecting surfaces to make the light incident on the second reflecting surface, a driving part configured to change an angle of the reflecting member, a control unit configured to control the driving part to change a path of light emitted from the reflecting member after being reflected at the second reflecting surface, and a light incident portion configured to recognize a position of the light having been reflected at the first reflecting surface.