Systems and methods are described herein that may be used to form a heliostat. Various reflective surfaces and support structures are described that permit lightweight construction of configurable heliostats.

A backlight module includes a reflecting base, a light source, at least one 3D optical control structure, and at least one illumination adjusting structure. The light source and the 3D optical control structure are disposed on the reflecting base, and the 3D optical control structure covers the light source. Each 3D optical control structure includes two sidewalls, and at least one of the sidewalls has at least one through-hole. The illumination adjusting structure is adjacent to the sidewall having the through-hole. A position of an orthogonal projection of the through-hole to the reflecting base is A, and a position where a normal line of the sidewall passing through the through-hole intersects the reflecting base is B. An illumination adjusting section is an area between A and B. The illumination adjusting structure is disposed in the illumination adjusting section.

An electromagnetic radiation collecting device is presented, which is particularly useful for the collection of solar radiation, providing optimal radiation collection throughout the daytime, and throughout yearly seasonal changes. The collector entails a redundant number of static collectors arranged in such a manner as to provide maximal and chronologically evened collection outline.

A lighting device for illuminating an operative field comprises, in an axial lighting dome, a first ring of LEDs at a first color temperature, and a second ring of LEDs at a second color temperature different from said first color temperature, and an annular facetted mirror having semi-reflective facets and arranged about the same axis as said rings of LEDs. Collimation optical systems are provided between each ring of LEDs and the annular facetted mirror having semi-reflective facets. The annular facetted mirror having semi-reflective facets mixes the collimated light beams emitted by the two rings of LEDs coupled to the collimators, and forms first and second collimated resulting mixed light beams having the same intermediate color temperature. An annular facetted mirror having plane facets surrounds the annular facetted mirror having semi-reflective facets so as to reflect the first collimated resulting mixed light beam to combine it with said second collimated resulting mixed light beam in the operative field in a certain superposition configuration in a superposition plane in which an illumination spot is formed.

The invention provides an improved method and apparatus, in general, for a use of a sheaf of unclad waveguide beam-makers to provide for a multi-stage forcedly-conveying waveguide effect of waveguide fibers in combination with the self-focusing waveguide effect of parabolic antennas, on the one hand, to absorb the ambient radiation, and in particular, for sunlight rays energy absorption to detect and transform the energy into either warmth, or electrical power, or mechanical thrust, and, on the other hand, to transmit the wave-energy through a homogeneous poorly-permeable medium.

A generally plano rectangular louvers are capable of being ganged in a stacked tiltable array to enhance light re-direction when titled to follow the solar elevation. Combinations of features and optical characteristic avoid optical artifacts and enhance efficiency of light utilization and manufacturing. Different louvers can be combined in alternative ways in such arrays.

An apparatus for measuring characteristics of an electronic display panel includes an array of optical elements. Each optical element has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface faces the electronic display panel and receives light from pixels of the electronic display panel. The second surface faces away from the electronic display panel and has an area smaller than the area of the first surface. The second surface emits a combined version of the light received by the first surface. The apparatus further includes a light sensor facing the second surface to measure one or more parameters of the emitted light.

The invention relates to a homogenizer having an input surface and an output surface which are incongruent to one another, at least one inclined surface extending between the input surface and the output surface. The inclined surface is corrugated. According to the invention, the homogenizer is designed as a hollow element which surrounds the LED chips (14) reflectively.

A light source apparatus includes a holder configured to hold a lamp including a metal base having a cylindrical surface, a condensing mirror configured to condense light generated by the lamp, and a nozzle including an ejection hole configured to eject a gas to cool the metal base. A distance between a straight line including a center axis of the ejection hole and a center axis of the metal base ranges from not less than ? of a radius of the cylindrical surface to not more than the radius.

The light irradiating device includes a substrate; a plurality of light emitting diode elements disposed on a surface of the substrate; a cooling unit which is disposed on a rear surface of the substrate; an inner wall which is disposed to enclose a light passage area through which light of the plurality of light emitting diode elements passes; a housing which accommodates the substrate, the plurality of light emitting diode elements, the cooling unit, and the inner wall and generates a space between the inner wall and the housing; an air inlet which introduces air in the light passage area onto the rear surface of the substrate; a flow channel which passes through the rear surface of the substrate and connects the air inlet and the space; and a circulation port which is provided to discharge the air in the space to the light passage area.