An apparatus includes a horn having a horn body including at least one horn sidewall defining a first opening that tapers down to a second opening in a direction of elongation and a port that is tubular and dimensionally uniform transverse to the direction of elongation and extends in the direction of elongation from a first port end that is in communication with the second opening to a second port end that defines an external opening. A dielectric rod includes a rod length extending between a first rod end and a second rod end with the first rod end extending through the external opening of the second port end and into the port cavity such that the first rod end is in a spaced apart relationship from the port sidewall along the light path.

An analysis and observation device includes: an electromagnetic wave emitter that emits a primary electromagnetic wave; a reflective object lens having a primary mirror provided with a primary reflection surface reflecting a secondary electromagnetic wave and a secondary mirror provided with a secondary reflection surface receiving and further reflecting the secondary electromagnetic wave; first and second detectors that receive the secondary electromagnetic wave and generate an intensity distribution spectrum; and a controller that performs component analysis of a sample based on the intensity distribution spectrum. A transmissive region through which the primary electromagnetic wave is transmitted is provided at a center of the secondary mirror. The transmissive region transmits the primary electromagnetic wave, which has been emitted from the electromagnetic wave emitter and passed through an opening of the primary mirror, thereby emitting the primary electromagnetic wave along an analysis optical axis of the reflective object lens.

An image display device according to an embodiment of the present technology include an emission portion, an irradiation target, and an optical portion. The emission portion emits image light along a predetermined axis. The irradiation target is disposed at at least a part around the predetermined axis. The optical portion controls an incident angle of the image light on the irradiation target, the image light having been emitted from the emission portion, the optical portion being disposed in a manner that the optical portion faces the emission portion on the basis of the predetermined axis.

The invention provides a lighting system (100) comprising: —a plurality of n light sources (10), wherein each of the n light sources (10) is configured to generate light source light (11); —a plurality of n first beam shaping elements (20), wherein each of the n first beam shaping elements (20) is configured downstream of a respective light source (10); —k arrays (300) of optical elements (310), wherein each of the k arrays (300) comprises nk optical elements (310), wherein each of the nk optical elements (310) is configured downstream of a respective first beam shaping element (20) from a subset (250) of the n first beam shaping elements (20); wherein the optical elements (310) are configured to influence one or more of (i) a beam direction of the light source light (11), (ii) a beam shape of the light source light (11), (iii) a spectral distribution of the light source light (11), and (iv) an intensity of the light source light (11); and wherein n≥2, k≥1, and 1≤n.sub.k≤n.

Provided are a laser combining apparatus and a display device. The laser combining apparatus includes a first group of light sources including first light source arrays, a second group of light sources including second light source arrays, a reflection apparatus including first and second reflection strips, a light converging apparatus and a light collection apparatus. Each first reflection strip reflects light emitted from at least one first light source array, each second reflection strip reflects light emitted from at least one second light source array, and light emitted from each first reflection strip and light emitted from each second reflection strip are also guided to the light converging apparatus. The light converging apparatus converges the light emitted from the first reflection strips and the second reflection strips to the light collection apparatus. The light collection apparatus collects the light converged by the light converging apparatus and then emitting same.

A method of making illumination systems for illuminating building interiors comprises positioning first and second opaque, rigid reflective side walls at a distance from one another with reflective surfaces facing each other. The method further comprises positioning a reflective grid panel with parallel longitudinal walls and parallel transverse walls joining the longitudinal walls between the side walls, defining rectangular light-transmitting openings. The method also includes positioning an LED light source above the grid panel to illuminate it at incidence angles ranging from 0° to at least 45°. Additionally, the method comprises positioning a light diffusing sheet of optically transmissive dielectric material approximately coextensive with the grid panel parallel to the grid panel between the side walls above the grid panel. The transverse walls of the grid panel and the reflective side walls are configured to diffusely reflect portions of light transmitted through the rectangular openings.

A dynamic light source for a display is disclosed. The dynamic light source comprises a first light source located inside a first device; and a second light source. The first device is configured to allow light from the first light source to exit the first device in a first cone of angles and to reflect light incident outside the cone of angles back towards the first light source. The first device is configured such that injected light from the second light source is reflected by the first light source in a second cone of angles substantially coincident with the first cone of angles and that light output by the first device from the second light source is attenuated more than light output by the first light source, and an amount of attenuation is based on an intended dynamic power range of the dynamic light source.

A system for providing a solar harvesting building envelope is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of solar harvesting apparatus configured to be installed as or on a building envelope in a manner like that of traditional shingles or siding. The apparatus includes a frame having a photovoltaic end wall, and reflective base and side walls. A translucent, wedge-shaped body layer is positioned on the frame. A luminescent species film is positioned at and substantially parallel to a base of the wedge-shaped body layer, such that the luminescent species film is positioned at an angle relative to the photovoltaic end wall. Light incident on the wedge-shaped body layer is concentrated towards the photovoltaic end wall, such as through absorption and re-emission along with scattering by the luminescent species film and internal reflection by the wedge-shaped body layer and the reflective base and side walls of the frame. A plurality of apparatus may be wired together to create the building envelope, which has the added advantage of substantially eliminating shading losses of traditional solar harvesting systems.

According to one embodiment, an illumination device includes a light source module, and a reflector opposed to the light source module. The reflector includes a plurality of incidence openings on which light from the light source module is made incident, a plurality of emission openings opposed to the incidence openings, a plurality of reflective surfaces extending from the incidence openings to the emission openings, respectively, and reflective films formed on the reflective surfaces. The reflector includes a plurality of blocks, and the blocks are bonded to each other to form the reflector.

There is set forth herein a device comprising structure defining a detector surface configured for supporting biological or chemical substances, and a sensor array comprising light sensors and circuitry to transmit data signals using photons detected by the light sensors. The device can include one or more features for reducing fluorescence range noise in a detection band of the sensor array.