To provide a laser processing machine, a processing method, and a laser light source that are capable of miniaturization. The laser processing machine includes a laser light source and an optical system. The laser light source includes a light emitting body including a substrate and a bottom emission type vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser element that is provided on one surface of the substrate and emits an excitation light beam from another surface side of the substrate, and a cavity that is disposed in contact with the light emitting body on the other surface side of the substrate and oscillates a pulsed laser beam by incidence of the excitation light beam. The optical system causes the pulsed laser beam to contract and applies the pulsed laser beam to a workpiece.

A photovoltaic (“PV”) module may comprise an array of freeform micro-optics and an array of PV cells. The PV module may be a flat panel with a nominal thickness smaller than the length and width of the flat panel. An array of lenses may be embedded in an array substrate. The lenses may be coupled to light pipes. The lenses may concentrate light through the light pipes to multi-junction cells. Diffuse light may be transferred through the array substrate to a silicon cell. The lenses and light pipes may be manufactured using a molding and drawing process.

The optical system includes: a coherent light source; and a fixed diffusion plate and a relative movement diffusion plate which intersect with a traveling direction of light emitted from the coherent light source, wherein the fixed diffusion plate emits a light having a rectangular shape from an incident light, and wherein, in the relative movement diffusion plate, a diffusion surface of the light moves relative to the incident light.

An illumination system includes a light source module, a first lens array, a condensing element, a second lens array, and a prism element. The light source module is configured to provide an illumination beam. The first lens array is disposed on the transmission path of the illumination beam. The condensing element is disposed on the transmission path of the illumination beam. The first lens array is located between the light source module and the condensing element. The second lens array is disposed on the transmission path of the illumination beam. The prism element is disposed on the transmission path of the illumination beam. The second lens array is located between the condensing element and the prism element, wherein the surface area of the second lens array is greater than the surface area of the first lens array.

The present disclosure relates to a lensed optical fiber having a lens applied onto an end face of an optical fiber by laser beam processing. The lens having a radius of curvature that is greater than the diameter of the optical fiber. The lens is applied onto the end face of the optical fiber by laser beam processing in which a laser beam is applied onto the end face of the optical fiber to create the lens. The laser beam has a wavelength ranging between 2.65 microns and 2.85 microns.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium for managing beam shaping in gradient refractive index (GRIN) media are provided. In one aspect, a method includes specifying a field evolution throughout a gradient-index (GRIN) medium and generating a refractive index profile of the GRIN medium based on the specified field evolution in the GRIN medium. Diffraction effects are considered in solving for the refractive index profile. The index profile is found by specifying a desired beam transformation throughout the GRIN medium and solving a series of phase retrieval problems. The GRIN medium can be two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D).

An additive manufacturing system including a two-dimensional energy patterning system for imaging a powder bed is disclosed. Improved structure formation, part creation and manipulation, use of multiple additive manufacturing systems, and high throughput manufacturing methods suitable for automated or semi-automated factories are also disclosed.

A laser beam delivery apparatus of an extreme ultra violet light source may include a high power seed module configured to generate a laser beam, a power amplifier configured to amplify the laser beam generated by the high power seed module, a beam transfer module configured to collect and move the laser beam amplified by the power amplifier, a final focusing assembly optical platform configured to adjust focus of the laser beam collected and moved by the beam transfer module, and a focusing unit configured to focus the laser beam with the focus adjusted by the final focusing assembly optical platform to a target droplet. The power amplifier may include a position adjuster configured to adjust a position of the laser beam. The position adjuster may include a refraction plate having a flat surface. The power amplifier may include a pointing adjuster, which may include a mirror.

A manipulator device such as a robot arm that is capable of increasing manufacturing throughput for additively manufactured parts, and allows for the manipulation of parts that would be difficult or impossible for a human to move is described. The manipulator can grasp various permanent or temporary additively manufactured manipulation points on a part to enable repositioning or maneuvering of the part.

A method of additive manufacture is disclosed. The method may include restricting, by an enclosure, an exchange of gaseous matter between an interior of the enclosure and an exterior of the enclosure. The method may further include running multiple machines within the enclosure. Each of the machines may execute its own process of additive manufacture. While the machines are running, a gas management system may maintain gaseous oxygen within the enclosure at or below a limiting oxygen concentration for the interior.