According to one embodiment, an optical element includes a continuous gradient index distribution area, and a first medium. The continuous gradient index distribution area is configured to continuously attenuate gradient index from a center of the optical element in a radial direction. The first medium is at the center. The first medium includes an area where absolute value of imaginary part of a complex refractive index is greater than zero.

A light engine for a nano-arthroscope assembly includes a light source, wherein the light source includes a light emitting diode (LED) mounted to a circuit board; a collimating optic positioned proximate to the LED, wherein the collimating optic collimates light emitted from the LED and increases an intensity of the light emitted from the LED; a ball lens positioned to receive the light collimated by the collimating optic, wherein the ball lens focuses the received light to a focal point outside of the ball lens; and a bundle of light fibers positioned proximate to the ball lens, wherein the bundle of light fibers includes a first end that is positioned at the focal point of the light focused by the ball lens such that the light is coupled into the first end of the bundle of light fibers at the focal point.

An optical cavity includes: a first elliptical mirror, having a first focal axis A.sub.1, and designed to reflect a light beam emitted by a light source; a second elliptical mirror, having a second focal axis A.sub.2; a third elliptical mirror, having a third focal axis A.sub.3, the light beam exiting from the third elliptical mirror being designed to be received by a detector; a first reflector, arranged to reflect the light beam exiting from first elliptical mirror in the direction of the second elliptical mirror, and arranged to reflect the light beam exiting from second elliptical mirror in the direction of the third elliptical mirror; the first, second and third elliptical mirrors being arranged so that A.sub.1, A.sub.2 and A.sub.3 have a point of intersection F, corresponding to a focus common to the first, second and third elliptical mirrors.

A camera includes a housing, a light source positioned within the housing, and a light-refracting apparatus. The light-refracting apparatus comprises a collimator shaped to collimate light emitted by the light source, and a lens comprising an at least partially concave light-emitting surface positioned to receive light collimated by the collimator and shaped to disperse the collimated light. The light-refracting apparatus is arranged to cause the dispersed light to be transmitted from within the housing into a field of view region of the camera

Provided are a particle measuring device and a particle measuring method that can omit the work for position adjustment of optical fibers and maintain a state where light appropriately enters the optical fibers. A particle measuring device (10) includes: a flow cell (20) in which a sample (11) including a particle flows; an irradiator (30) configured to irradiate an irradiation light to the sample (11) flowing in the flow cell (20); a condenser lens (42) to condense a light generated from the particle included in the sample (11) which is irradiated by the irradiation light; a light transmitter (50) which is formed by a plurality of optical fibers (51) being bundled, and which the light having passed through the condenser lens (42) enters; and a light detector (61) configured to receive the light transmitted by the light transmitter (50) and output a detection signal.

A disinfection device includes: a container having a wall that defines a chamber for containing liquid therein; and a light source for transmitting disinfection light to the liquid. The light source is in a spatial relationship with the container so that a distance between the light source and the first light receiving surface of the liquid remains unchanged regardless of a volume of the liquid.

A color sensing module is provided, comprising a substrate, a light emitting component, a sensing component, a light shield and a lens component. The light emitting component is adapted to provide a first beam. The lens component has a diverging portion and a condensing portion, wherein the diverging portion is arranged correspondingly to the light emitting component, and the condensing portion is arranged correspondingly to the sensing component. The first beam is transmitted to the surface of an object through the diverging portion of the lens component and reflected to form a second beam with color information, the second beam is transmitted to the sensing component through the condensing portion of the lens component, and the light shield blocks the first beam that does not pass through the lens component from being transmitted to the sensing component.

This invention relates to an insect detection device comprising a sensing device. The sensing device comprises an optical source configured to emit an optical beam; a first lens group configured to collimate the optical beam to form a beam width of a first predetermined range and a beam height of a second predetermined range; a second lens group configured to collect the optical beam from the first lens group and arranged apart from the first lens group defining a sensing zone; an optical detector configured to receive the beam from the second lens group and translate the beam to electrical signals; and a processing unit configured to switch on the optical source and receive the electrical signals from the optical detector.

The transmissive sampling module includes a light emitting element, an accommodation tank, and a lens group having a positive refractive power. The light emitting element is configured to emit an illumination beam. The accommodation tank is configured to accommodate an object to be measured. The lens group includes a first lens and a second lens. The first lens and the second lens are respectively located at a first side and a second side of the accommodation tank. The accommodation tank is located between the first lens and the second lens. The illumination beam is transmitted to the object after passing through the first lens. The object converts the illumination beam into a sample beam. The sample beam is transmitted to a main body of the spectrometer after passing through the second lens. A transmissive spectrometer having a transmissive sampling module is also provided.

A first light guide guides first light in a first light guiding path. The first light is of light irradiated from the light source to a sheet. A first detection unit receives reflected light from the sheet and outputs an image signal indicating an image of a surface of the sheet. A second light guide guides second light in a second light guiding path different from the first light guiding path. The second light is of the light irradiated from the light source and is different from the first light. A second detection unit receives the second light and output a detection signal corresponding to a light amount of the second light. A control unit controls a light emission amount of the light source based on the detection signal.