A system and method of imaging an object uses a plasmonic layer as a sample holder defining a periodic array of sub-micron structures adjacent the object. The sample holder is exposed to a first portion of light that is transmitted through either the plasmonic layer but not the object, or the plasmonic layer and a first section of the object, and a second portion of the light that is transmitted through the plasmonic layer and at least a second section of the object. The light interacts with at least the plasmonic layer and the first portion of the transmitted light characterizes one or more first surface plasmon resonance peaks and the second portion of the transmitted light characterizes one or more second surface plasmon resonance peaks that are wavelength shifted from the first surface plasmon resonance peaks by the object affecting plasmons propagating within the plasmonic layer.

The application discloses a method and apparatus for imaging a sample by interferometric scattering microscopy, the method comprising illuminating a sample with at least one coherent light source, the sample being held at a sample location comprising an interface having a refractive index change, illuminating the sample with illuminating radiation to generate a backpropagating signal from the sample comprising light reflected at the interface and light scattered by the sample, splitting the backpropagating signal into first and second signals, modifying the second signal using a modifying element such that the second signal differs from the first signal, directing the first and second signals onto first and second detectors to generate, respectively, first and second images and comparing, by a processor, the first and second images to determine one or more characteristics of the sample.

This relates to systems and methods for measuring a concentration and type of substance in a sample at a sampling interface. The systems can include a light source, optics, one or more modulators, a reference, a detector, and a controller. The systems and methods disclosed can be capable of accounting for drift originating from the light source, one or more optics, and the detector by sharing one or more components between different measurement light paths. Additionally, the systems can be capable of differentiating between different types of drift and eliminating erroneous measurements due to stray light with the placement of one or more modulators between the light source and the sample or reference. Furthermore, the systems can be capable of detecting the substance along various locations and depths within the sample by mapping a detector pixel and a microoptics to the location and depth in the sample.

The present disclosure generally pertains to a polarization imaging system having: an imaging portion having a color channel element of a first color type and a color channel element of a second color type; and a light polarization portion configured to: provide a first light polarization of a first polarization type for the first color type and a second light polarization of the first polarization type for the second color type; and convert a second polarization type into the first polarization type, whereby the second polarization type is detectable in the imaging portion

A super class of polarized transverse vector vortex photon beams patterns are mathematically represented here, which are Majorana-like among them are the radial and azimuthal Laguerre-Gaussian, hybrid π-vector beams, and Airy beams. These optical beams are consider spin-orbit coupled beams based on OAM and SAM parts of light. A Majorana photon is a photon that is identical to its anti-photon. It has within itself both chirality, right and left-handed twist in polarization (SAM) and wavefront (OAM). Applications using Majorana photons improve optical deeper imaging, higher resolution imaging, Nonlinear Optics effects (SHG, SRS, SC), optical communication in free space and fibers, quantum computer as basic qubit, and entanglement for security.

An optical microscope device includes: a first illumination optical system including a light source that emits illumination light for illuminating a specimen an LCOS spatial light modulation element that controls a polarization state of the illumination light, a first illumination optical member that uniformly illuminates the LCOS spatial light modulation element, and a polarization optical element that controls a transmission state of the illumination light directed to the specimen from the LCOS spatial light modulation element in response to the polarization state of the illumination light; a second illumination optical system including a second illumination optical member that images a light flux from the first illumination optical system on a specimen surface; and an imaging optical system for imaging the specimen surface.

A three-dimensional (3D) microscope includes various insertable components that facilitate multiple imaging and measurement capabilities. These capabilities include Nomarski imaging, polarized light imaging, quantitative differential interference contrast (q-DIC) imaging, motorized polarized light imaging, phase-shifting interferometry (PSI), and vertical-scanning interferometry (VSI).

A method of measuring optical properties of a specimen, for example, a uniaxial specimen, includes generating a plurality of illumination patterns incident on the specimen and, for each of the plurality of illumination patterns, collecting sample light passing through the specimen and detecting the collected sample light using a polarization state analyzer to form a set of polarization channels. The method also includes receiving a calibration tensor, converting the set of polarization channels for each of the illumination patterns into Stokes parameter maps using the calibration tensor, and deconvolving the Stokes parameter maps to provide volumetric measurement of permittivity tensor of the specimen, specifically, absorption, optical path length, optical anisotropy, and 3D orientation of the specimen.

[Object] An observation device according to an embodiment of the present technology includes an emission unit, an imaging unit, a polarization control unit, and a calculation unit. The emission unit sequentially emits a plurality of polarization light beams of mutually different polarization directions to a biological tissue. The imaging unit includes a plurality of pixels capable of outputting pixel signals respectively. The polarization control unit considers a predetermined number of pixels of the plurality of pixels as one group and causes mutually different polarization components of reflection light beams reflected by the biological tissue to be respectively incident upon respective ones of the predetermined number of pixels included in the one group. The calculation unit calculates biological tissue information regarding the biological tissue on the basis of the pixel signals output from the respective ones of the predetermined number of pixels.

A method of measuring optical properties of a specimen includes generating illumination light at a plurality of illumination wavelengths and, for each of the plurality of illumination wavelengths, directing the illumination light to impinge on the specimen, collecting sample light passing through the specimen, and detecting the collected sample light using a polarization state analyzer to form a set of polarization channels. The method also includes receiving a calibration tensor, converting the set of polarization channels for each of the illumination wavelengths into Stokes parameter maps using the calibration tensor, denoising the Stokes parameter maps, and deconvolving the Stokes parameter maps to provide density, anisotropy, and orientation measurements of the specimen. The method can multiplex intrinsic density, anisotropy, and orientation measurements of the specimen and density, anisotropy, and orientation measurements of labeled fluorescent molecules.