A light source apparatus according to an aspect of the invention includes an excitation light source that emits excitation light, a wavelength conversion layer on which the excitation light is incident and which converts the wavelength of the excitation light to emit fluorescence, a plurality of traveling direction changers that are formed in the wavelength conversion layer and change the traveling direction of the fluorescence, and a substrate on which the wavelength conversion layer is provided. The substrate is rotated around an axis of rotation to change the position on which the excitation light is incident on the wavelength conversion layer over time, and the interval between the plurality of traveling direction changers is smaller than the size of the region on which the excitation light is incident.

Imaging apparatus includes an illumination assembly, including a plurality of radiation sources and projection optics, which are configured to project radiation from the radiation sources onto different, respective regions of a scene. An imaging assembly includes an image sensor and objective optics configured to form an optical image of the scene on the image sensor, which includes an array of sensor elements arranged in multiple groups, which are triggered by a rolling shutter to capture the radiation from the scene in successive, respective exposure periods from different, respective areas of the scene so as to form an electronic image of the scene. A controller is coupled to actuate the radiation sources sequentially in a pulsed mode so that the illumination assembly illuminates the different, respective areas of the scene in synchronization with the rolling shutter.

A medical apparatus is described for providing visualization of a surgical site. The medical apparatus includes an electronic display disposed within a display housing, the electronic display configured to produce a two-dimensional image. The medical apparatus includes a display optical system disposed within the display housing, the display optical system comprising a plurality of lens elements disposed along an optical path. The display optical system is configured to receive the two-dimensional image from the electronic display, produce a beam with a cross-section that remains substantially constant along the optical path, and produce a collimated beam exiting the opening in the display housing. The medical apparatus can also include an auxiliary video camera configured to provide an oblique view of a patient on the electronic display without requiring a surgeon to adjust their viewing angle through oculars viewing the electronic display.

A medical apparatus is described for providing visualization of a surgical site. The medical apparatus includes an electronic display disposed within a display housing, the electronic display configured to produce a two-dimensional image. The medical apparatus includes a display optical system disposed within the display housing, the display optical system comprising a plurality of lens elements disposed along an optical path. The display optical system is configured to receive the two-dimensional image from the electronic display, produce a beam with a cross-section that remains substantially constant along the optical path, and produce a collimated beam exiting the opening in the display housing. The medical apparatus can also include an auxiliary video camera configured to provide an oblique view of a patient on the electronic display without requiring a surgeon to adjust their viewing angle through oculars viewing the electronic display.

An adapter system for mounting an image and video capturing device to an optical viewing device includes a video adapter tube, an adapter tube, a support plate and a cover. An image and video capturing device is connected to the adapter tube through a support plate affixed on the cover where the adapter tube is then connected to the video adapter tube which is further connected to an optical viewing device through an image divider beam splitter. Also, there are image rotation features which makes the adapter assembly unique and more convenient. A method is also disclosed of observing the images and videos with an optical viewing device, by using an adapter system.

In certain embodiments, a binocular system for entering commands includes a computer and a binocular eyepiece. The computer generates a virtual graphical user interface (GUI) with one or more graphical elements, where each graphical element corresponds to a command. The binocular eyepiece includes of eyepieces. Each eyepiece has an optical path that directs an image of an object towards a corresponding eye of a pair of eyes. The optical path of at least one eyepiece directs the virtual GUI towards the corresponding eye. At least one eyepiece is associated with an eye-tracker that tracks movement of the corresponding eye relative to the virtual GUI to yield a tracked eye. The computer interprets movement of the tracked eye relative to the virtual GUI as an interaction with a selected graphical element, and initiates the command corresponding to the selected graphical element.

A parallel beam flexure mechanism (PBFM) for adjusting an interpupillary distance (IPD) of an optical device is disclosed. The PBFM includes a plurality of flexures, a mounting platen, an optical payload, and a horizontal translation mechanism. The mounting platen has a first end and a second end, where the mounting platen is attached to a first set of flexures that are in a parallel arrangement to a second set of flexures attached to a frame of an optical device, such as a head mounted display. The optical payload and horizontal translation mechanism are attached to the mounting platen, where the horizontal translation mechanism is configured to translate the mounting platen in a horizontal direction by bending the flexures, thereby adjusting the IPD of the optical device.

An ophthalmic visualization system includes a rear illumination system, to generate and to project a rear illumination light onto a retina of an eye that has an intraocular lens (IOL) implanted into the eye, so that the rear illumination light reflects from the retina as a reflected illumination light, wherein a central portion of the reflected illumination light propagates through the IOL to form an IOL-focused illumination light, and a peripheral portion of the reflected illumination light propagates around the IOL to form a peripheral illumination light; an optic, to receive the IOL-focused illumination light and the peripheral illumination light from the eye, and to transmit the received illumination lights; an aperture slop, to stop the transmitted peripheral illumination light, and to allow the IOL-focused illumination light to pass through; and an imaging system, to form an isolated IOL image based on the transmitted IOL-focused illumination light.

An ophthalmic visualization system includes a rear illumination system, to generate and to project a rear illumination light onto a retina of an eye that has an intraocular lens (IOL) implanted into the eye, so that the rear illumination light reflects from the retina as a reflected illumination light, wherein a central portion of the reflected illumination light propagates through the IOL to form an IOL-focused illumination light, and a peripheral portion of the reflected illumination light propagates around the IOL to form a peripheral illumination light; an optic, to receive the IOL-focused illumination light and the peripheral illumination light from the eye, and to transmit the received illumination lights; an aperture slop, to stop the transmitted peripheral illumination light, and to allow the IOL-focused illumination light to pass through; and an imaging system, to form an isolated IOL image based on the transmitted IOL-focused illumination light.

Advantageous instruments, assemblies and methods are provided for undertaking imaging techniques (e.g., microscopic imaging techniques). The present disclosure provides improved imaging techniques, equipment and systems. More particularly, the present disclosure provides advantageous microscopy/imaging assemblies with rapid sample auto-focusing (e.g., microscopy/imaging assemblies having instant focusing for rapid sample imaging with auto-focusing). The present disclosure provides for high-throughput whole slide imaging with instant focal plane detection. A whole slide imaging platform/assembly that uses instant focusing systems/methods for high-speed sample autofocusing is provided. Such exemplary platforms/assemblies can be used for digital pathology or the like, and can provide improved, faster and cheaper diagnosis/prognosis of ailments/diseases. At least two exemplary rapid-focus systems for whole slide imaging are provided, a first system including two pinhole-modulated cameras mounted on the eyepiece ports of a microscope platform/assembly, and a second system including one pinhole-modulated camera mounted on the epi-illumination arm for auto-focusing.