An image projection apparatus includes: an illumination optical system; a projection optical system assembled integrally with the illumination optical system; and a frame fixed to only one system, that has a larger weight, of the illumination optical system and the projection optical system.

A method for operating a medical-optical display system for displaying an object image of an observed object is made available, said object image having been obtained by means of a medical-optical observation apparatus wherein the medical-optical display system comprises a data superimposition unit for superimposing data of at least one image data record into the object image. The method comprises the following steps: determining at least one region with little activity within the object image and superimposing the at least one image data record into the at least one region with little activity.

An imaging system includes a first finite conjugate objective at a frontal end of the system and a second finite conjugate objective at a distal end of the system. The system also includes a beam splitting or merging element positioned between the first finite conjugate objective and the second finite conjugate objective. The system also includes an excitation unit configured to direct an excitation beam into a sample positioned in front of the first finite conjugate objective. The excitation beam is in the form of an excitation plane. The system also includes an image sensor positioned facing the second finite conjugate objective. The image sensor lies in a conjugate plane of an excitation beam illumination plane at the frontal end of the system.

Methods and systems are provided herein for a surgical optical system having a heads up display including, in accordance with various embodiments, an optical device, an image sensor optically coupled to the optical device to acquire image data from a field of view of the optical device, and a display device configured to display an acquired image representing the image data acquired by the image sensor.

A microscope system includes an eyepiece, an objective, a tube lens, an imaging apparatus, a projection apparatus that projects a projection image onto an image plane between the tube lens and the eyepiece on which an optical image is formed, and a control apparatus. The control apparatus manages microscope information including at least a first magnification at which an image of the sample is projected onto the image plane, a second magnification at which an image of the sample is projected onto the imaging apparatus, a third magnification at which an image of the projection apparatus is projected onto the image plane, and sizes of the imaging apparatus and the projection apparatus. The control apparatus includes a processor. The processor generates projection image data representing the projection image based on at least the microscope information.

A standing wave interferometric microscope is disclosed herein. An example microscope may include an illuminator, for illuminating a specimen with a standing wave of input radiation at an analysis location to cause the specimen to fluoresce, the specimen arranged in the analysis location, a pair of projection systems, arranged at opposite sides of the analysis location, coupled to collect at least a portion of the fluorescence and direct a corresponding pair of fluorescence light beams into a respective pair of inputs of an optical combining element, a wavefront modifier for producing astigmatism in at least one of the fluorescence light beams entering the optical combining element, and a detector for examining output light from said combining element.

A microscope includes: a first illumination optical system that illuminates a sample from a first direction that is substantially orthogonal to an optical axis of a first objective, and that forms a first illumination region within the sample; a first imaging optical system that images the sample in accordance with light that has been generated from the first illumination region; a second illumination optical system that illuminates the sample from a second direction that is substantially orthogonal to the optical axis of the first objective; and a second imaging optical system that images the sample in accordance with light emitted from the second illumination optical system.

An image projection apparatus includes: an illumination optical system; a projection optical system assembled integrally with the illumination optical system; and a frame fixed to only one system, that has a larger weight, of the illumination optical system and the projection optical system.

An instrument for imaging a specimen or a portion of a specimen is configured to capture multiple image frames of the portion of the specimen being scanned using Moving Specimen Image Average (MSIA) to create one or more image strips. The instrument is configured to use an active area of a two dimensional sensor array that covers substantially all of the width of the sensor array but less than a length. The one or more image strips are created from the multiple image frames as each of the multiple image frames is captured.

Preferably, the instrument is configured to remove blurring, caused by distortion of the optics, by software or by warping a grid of the two dimensional detector array, including TDI array.

The disclosure is directed to providing high resolution stereoscopy with extended depth of focus. Wave front coding in optical paths going to a first detector and at least a second detector may be implemented to affect an intermediate set of images. The intermediate set of images may be filtered (i.e. decoded) to produce a filtered set of images with selected resolution and depth of focus properties. A first filtered image and a second filtered image may be substantially simultaneously presented to respective first and second eyes of an observer to further generate an illusion of enhanced depth (i.e. 3D perception).