An endoscope which promotes downsizing and cost reduction, and a manufacturing method of an endoscope are provided. For this reason, in an endoscope, a lens unit containing a lens in a lens tube, an image capturing element of which an image capturing surface is covered with element cover glass, and an adhesive resin fixing the lens unit of which an optical axis of the lens is coincident with the center of the image capturing surface to the element cover glass with a separation portion are disposed.

An ocular device for a surgical instrument having an ocular mount for an optical assembly. The ocular device including: an optical flat; and a holder for accommodating the optical flat, wherein the holder is configured to be connected to the ocular mount; wherein the optical flat having a widened side edge provided with a first contact surface for the ocular mount and a second contact surface for the holder, and a surface normal of the optical flat and the first contact surface of the optical flat facing the ocular mount form an angle different than 0° relative to each other.

A distal end hood for an endoscope includes: a main body portion formed in a cylindrical shape in a longitudinal axis direction, wherein a distal end portion of an insertion portion of the endoscope is inserted inside through an opening on a proximal end side in the longitudinal axis direction, and the main body portion is formed such that part of a distal end surface in the longitudinal axis direction protrudes forward in the longitudinal axis direction; and a projection portion provided on an outer peripheral surface of the main body portion and formed in a rib shape extending toward a proximal end in the longitudinal axis direction from a protrusion end surface of a part of the distal end surface protruding in the longitudinal axis direction.

An insertion device includes a thin and elongated insertion section, a rotating body which is rotated to advance or retreat the insertion section, a driving force supply source which supplies a driving force to the rotating body, a variable stiffness section provided for the insertion section and permitting stiffness of the insertion section to be varied, a stiffness detector which detects the stiffness of the insertion section varied by the variable stiffness section, and a controller which controls the driving force supply source in accordance with the stiffness of the insertion section detected by the stiffness detector.

An endoscope includes: an operation portion provided continuously with a proximal end of a rigid insertion portion having a longitudinal axis; an optical element disposed at a distal end part of the insertion portion so as to be rotationally movable around a first shaft perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and a second shaft parallel to the longitudinal axis; a single operation member disposed at the operation portion and swingable forward, backward, leftward, and rightward around a third shaft and a fourth shaft perpendicular to each other; a first transmission member that transmits a rotational force around the first shaft to the optical element by a tilting operation of the operation member around the third shaft; and a second transmission member that transmits a rotational force around the second shaft to the optical element by a tilting operation of the operation member around the fourth shaft.

A signal processing device includes: a connection detector that detects whether an endoscope including one or more operation members is connected; an input unit to which an operation state signal is input from an external input device including one or more buttons that correspond to the one or more operation members included in the endoscope when the endoscope is not connected; and an operation execution unit that executes an operation according to the operation state signal that is input to the input unit.

There are provided an operation unit that allows a practitioner to easily ascertain a vertical direction of an observation image output from an image pickup unit and displayed on a monitor and an endoscope including the operation unit.

An operation unit is connected to a proximal end side of an insertion unit of an endoscope, and the insertion unit is provided with an optical system and an image pickup unit picking up an image of light passing through the optical system. The operation unit includes: a grip part that extends in a direction of an insertion axis of the insertion unit; a first flat surface portion that is formed on an outer surface of the grip part at a position on a top side in a vertical direction, extends in the direction of the insertion axis, and is perpendicular to the vertical direction in a case where a direction which indicates a top and a bottom of an image formed from image pickup signals output from the image pickup unit, among directions perpendicular to the direction of the insertion axis, is defined as the vertical direction; and a second flat surface portion that is formed on the outer surface of the grip part at a position on a bottom side in the vertical direction, extends in the direction of the insertion axis, and is perpendicular to the vertical direction.

Provided is a relay lens including a plurality of relay optical systems that are arranged in a long, rigid tube along a longitudinal direction and that re-form an image, wherein each of the relay optical systems includes a pair of rod lenses that are disposed with a space therebetween in the longitudinal direction, a barrel that is disposed between the pair of rod lenses along the longitudinal direction, and a positive lens that is fixed to an inner side of the barrel and that has a positive refractive power; and a length of the barrel in the longitudinal direction is larger than a thickness of a peripheral edge of the positive lens in the longitudinal direction.

Optical imaging or spectroscopy described can use laminar optical tomography (LOT), diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), or the like. An incident beam is scanned across a target. An orthogonal or oblique optical response can be obtained, such as concurrently at different distances from the incident beam. The optical response from multiple incident wavelengths can be concurrently obtained by dispersing the response wavelengths in a direction orthogonal to the response distances from the incident beam. Temporal correlation can be measured, from which flow and other parameters can be computed. An optical conduit can enable endoscopic or laparoscopic imaging or spectroscopy of internal target locations. An articulating arm can communicate the light for performing the LOT, DCS, or the like. The imaging can find use for skin cancer diagnosis, such as distinguishing lentigo maligna (LM) from lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM).

The disclosed technology is directed to an endoscopic apparatus comprises an endoscope having a cable connected to an electronic circuit part of the endoscope. The cable includes an elongated covering and an elongated component configured to be concentrically engaged with the elongated covering. A securing member is used to bind and to secure the elongated covering and the elongated component to one another. The elongated covering includes at least one recess formed on an outer circumferential area of the elongated covering on which the securing member binds and secures the elongated covering. The securing member has a portion that sinks in the at least one recess and secures the elongated covering and the elongated component that is exposed through the at least one recess.