A liquid lens device with a liquid lens that comprises: first and second immiscible fluids defining an interface moveable by electrowetting, cap and base portions, a gasket positioned between the cap and base portions, an upper window positioned within the base portion, and a lower window positioned within the base portion. The windows are facing and substantially parallel to each other and the fluids are sealed within the cap and base portions, gasket and windows. The device further includes a flexible printed circuit or printed circuit board comprising top and bottom electrodes in electrical contact with the respective cap and base portions of the liquid lens; and a spring washer comprising a substantially circular-shaped body. Further, the spring washer is configured to apply a clamping force of 1 to 10 N between (a) the top electrode and the cap portion, and (b) the bottom electrode and the base portion.

Subject matter disclosed herein relates to arrangements and techniques that provide for using a wavelength specific illumination for illuminating a display, for example an electrowetting display. The electrowetting display comprises a first substrate and a second substrate. A plurality of pixel regions is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The electrowetting display further comprises a first fluid within the pixel regions and on the first substrate. The first fluid comprises one or more dyes and a second fluid is disposed on the first fluid. The second fluid is substantially immiscible with the first fluid. An illumination layer is included between the first substrate and the second substrate. The illumination layer comprises one or more LEDs and at least one of the LEDs produces light at a specific wavelength corresponding to a wavelength of absorption of one of the one or more dyes.

This invention relates to a process for the preparation of a dispersion comprising coloured or black particles, such coloured or black particles prepared by the process, the use of the dispersion and the coloured or black particles in electrophoretic fluids, and electrophoretic display devices comprising such fluids.

A liquid lens can include a first substrate with an interior recess. A second substrate with a bore can be bonded to the first substrate, whereby the interior recess of the first substrate and the bore of the second substrate cooperatively define at least a portion of a cavity of the liquid lens. A first liquid and a second liquid can be disposed in the cavity. A variable interface can be disposed between the first liquid and the second liquid, thereby forming a variable lens. The interior recess of the first substrate can be positioned outside of a sidewall projection of a sidewall surface of the cavity through the first substrate.

A camera module including a liquid lens, according to one embodiment, includes: a liquid lens including a first plate, and an individual electrode arranged on a first surface of the first plate; a temperature detection element arranged on the first surface of the first plate so as to be spaced apart from the individual electrode; a heating element arranged on the first surface so as to be spaced apart from the temperature detection element and the individual electrode; a temperature sensor connected to the temperature detection element to sense the temperature of the liquid lens; and a heating controller connected to the heating element.

An electrowetting display device includes a first support plate and a second support plate. A first fluid and a second fluid that is immiscible with the first fluid are between the first support plate and the second support plate. A plurality of pixel walls having concave side surfaces are formed on the first support plate to define a plurality of electrowetting pixels. A pixel electrode is disposed on the first support plate for applying a voltage within each electrowetting pixel to cause relative displacement of the first fluid and the second fluid.

A conventional head-mounted display (HMDs) can display a virtual image at a fixed focus (e.g., infinite focus). If the user looks at an object that appears closer than the virtual image, then accommodation by the user's eyes will cause the virtual image to appear blurry. The HMDs disclosed herein include a dynamic electro-active focusing element that changes the focus of the virtual image to account for accommodation by the user. This dynamic electro-active focusing element may include a curved layer of electro-active material, such as nematic or bi-stable (e.g., cholesteric) liquid crystal, disposed between a static concave mirror and a convex surface on a beam splitter or other optical element. Changing the refractive index of the electro-active material causes the focus of the dynamic electro-active focusing element, making it possible to shift the virtual image's focus in as the user's eyes change focus.

Subject matter disclosed herein relates to driving schemes that provide for improved data writing to pixels of electrowetting display devices. Subframes are defined within an input frame for providing data to pixels of an electrowetting display. Blocks of rows of pixels are also defined. The blocks are defined based upon driving schemes for the electrowetting display. In an embodiment, the driving schemes include a block driving scheme and an interlaced driving scheme. With a block driving scheme, the rows of pixels are grouped sequentially into blocks, i.e. block 1 includes rows 1-4, block 2 includes rows 5-8, etc. With an interlaced driving scheme, every Nth row is included in a block such that block 1 includes rows 1, 5, . . . , block 2 includes rows 2, 6, . . . , etc. Individual blocks are written to during the subframes thereby allowing for all rows to be handled during the input frame.

A pattern electrode structure stacked between a base material and a dielectric layer of an electro-wetting device includes a center branch electrode extending in a first direction, and a plurality of sub-branch electrodes extending from the center branch electrode in an inclined direction relative to the first direction. According to the present disclosure, self-cleaning performance can be more efficiently exhibited even for small droplets.

Provided is a micro-lens capable of changing a focal length. The micro-lens includes a plurality of electrodes, and an electrowetting liquid layer that is separable from the electrodes and that has a focal length that is controlled by a voltage applied to the electrodes.