An optical sensor and a method of operating the optical sensor are provided. The optical sensor includes a light source configured to emit a light, and a path adjuster configured to adjust a traveling path of the light to reflect the light at a first time, and allow the light to pass through the path adjuster at a second time. The optical sensor further includes a light receiver configured to receive a reference light among the reflected light, and receive, among the light passing through the path adjuster, a measurement light related to a target material.

An electrically controlled spectacle includes a spectacle frame and optoelectronic lenses housed in the frame. The lenses include a left lens and a right lens, each of the optoelectrical lenses having a plurality of states, wherein the state of the left lens is independent of the state of the right lens. The electrically controlled spectacle also includes a control unit housed in the frame, the control unit being adapted to control the state of each of the lenses independently.

The present invention provides a solution for a highlight or multicolor display device, in which each display cell can display high quality color states. More specifically, an electrophoretic fluid is provided which comprises three types of pigment particles, having different levels of size, threshold voltage or charge intensity.

A laminate which can serve as either a smart window or a smart mirror is formed using first and second substrates coated with transparent first and second electrodes which are separated by foraminous layer and a third grid-like linear electrode insulated from the first and second electrodes. The foraminous layer includes spacers defining a cell space which is filled with a colloidal ink having first and second particles. The first particles have a positive charge and a first color and second particles having a negative charge and a second color different from the first color. By altering the voltages of the first, second and third electrodes, one can achieve different light transmission characteristics which, for example, can alter the color temperature of the light transmitted through the laminate or enhance reflective colors.

The present invention provides a reverse mode light valve containing ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles; more specifically is related to a light valve containing halide ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles that can control light transmittance. This light control valve has the property of higher light transmittance when the power is turned off (OFF state) and lower light transmittance when the power is turned on (ON state). In the halide ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles, A is at least one of Cs.sup.+, CH3NH3.sup.+, and Rb.sup.+, B is at least one of Pb.sup.2+, Ge.sup.2+, and Sn.sup.2+, and X is at least one of Cl.sup.−, Br.sup.−, and I.sup.−. This halide ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles were suspended in a liquid suspension to make a light valve with a light transmittance control. This light valve performs well and opens up a completely new field of application for ABX.sub.3 perovskite materials.

A security device that elicits at least one dynamic response upon acceleration, or upon change of orientation with respect to gravity, wherein the dynamic response continues after cessation of the acceleration or the change of orientation. In addition, the dynamic response can be optical, such that it is visually observable by an unaided human eye. Alternatively, the response can be machine readable. In some cases, the dynamic response has duration of from about 0.01 s to about 100 s, or from about Is to about 10 s.

An electrically controlled spectacle includes a spectacle frame and optoelectronic lenses housed in the frame. The lenses include a left lens and a right lens, each of the optoelectrical lenses having a plurality of states, wherein the state of the left lens is independent of the state of the right lens. The electrically controlled spectacle also includes a control unit housed in the frame, the control unit being adapted to control the state of each of the lenses independently.

A laminate which can serve as either a smart window or a smart mirror is formed using first and second substrates coated with transparent first and second electrodes which are separated by foraminous layer and a third grid-like linear electrode insulated from the first and second electrodes. The foraminous layer includes spacers defining a cell space which is filled with a colloidal ink having first and second particles. The first particles have a positive charge and a first color and second particles having a negative charge and a second color different from the first color. By altering the voltages of the first, second and third electrodes, one can achieve different light transmission characteristics which, for example, can alter the color temperature of the light transmitted through the laminate or enhance reflective colors.

Examples of a display element corresponding to a pixel of a display, are described. In one example, the display element may include a rotatable component. The rotatable component may be provided with a first sub-element and a second sub-element. The first sub-element and the second sub-element are such that they, respectively, have different type of display properties.

An optical sensor and a method of operating the optical sensor are provided. The optical sensor includes a light source configured to emit a light, and a path adjuster configured to adjust a traveling path of the light to reflect the light at a first time, and allow the light to pass through the path adjuster at a second time. The optical sensor further includes a light receiver configured to receive a reference light among the reflected light, and receive, among the light passing through the path adjuster, a measurement light related to a target material.