The disclosure relates to an optical device, in particular for microlithography. The optical device includes an optical module and a support structure that supports the optical module. The optical module includes an optical element and a holding device that holds the optical element. The holding device includes a deformation device having a plurality of active deformation units which contact the optical element and which are designed so as to impose a pre-defined deformation on the optical element. The optical module is fixed to the support structure in a replaceable manner.

The phase modulation device 3 includes a first phase modulation element 11 which modulates a phase of a light flux in accordance with a voltage applied to each of a plurality of first electrodes in accordance with a first ratio of a second aberration component to a first aberration component of a wave front aberration generated by an optical system including an objective lens 4; a second phase modulation element 12 which modulates a phase of a light flux in accordance with a voltage applied to each of a plurality of second electrodes in accordance with a second ratio of the second aberration component to the first aberration component; and a control circuit 13 which controls voltages applied to each of first electrodes and each of second electrodes in accordance with a distance from the objective lens to a light focusing position of the light flux.

A camera viewfinder comprises an electronic display apparatus that is configured for the display of images that are recorded by an image sensor of an electronic camera. The camera viewfinder further comprises two mirrors for reflecting the images displayed by the display apparatus, of which at least one mirror is a free-form surface mirror whose reflective surface is formed as a free-form surface that does not have any continuous translation symmetry or rotational symmetry. At least one of the free-form surface mirrors is adjustable to at least partially compensate a vision defect of a user.

An electro-optical device includes a mirror being positioned above a surface of a substrate and modulating light, a torsion hinge being positioned between the mirror and the substrate, and supporting the mirror via a mirror support post such that the mirror is pivotable about an axis, and address electrodes being positioned between the mirror and the substrate, and supplying electrostatic forces between the address electrodes and the mirror. Each of the address electrodes includes a first address electrode that is positioned on a side of the axis in plan view, and a second address electrode that is positioned on the opposite side of the axis with respect to the first address electrode in plan view. The first address electrode and the second address electrode are driven independently of each other.

A method, controller, and medium to control an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Receiving from the ophthalmoscope a plurality of wavefront elements. Each element may be associated with an area of a beam of light received from a fundus. Each element includes shape data. The shape data represents a shape of a wavefront in a area of the beam. Each element includes status data. The status data is a confidence indicator of ability of the shape data to represent the shape of the wavefront with a particular level of accuracy. Calculating control data based on the shape data in the wavefront data and local gain. The local gain includes local gain elements. Each local gain elements is adjusted based on status data. Using the control data to adjust a shape of an illumination wavefront of an illumination beam used to illuminate the fundus.

An additive manufacturing system including a two-dimensional energy patterning system for imaging a powder bed is disclosed. Improved structure formation, part creation and manipulation, use of multiple additive manufacturing systems, and high throughput manufacturing methods suitable for automated or semi-automated factories are also disclosed.

A method, a controller, and a non-transitory medium for controlling an optical-image pickup apparatus. Receiving quality data representative of quality of wavefront data. Comparing the quality data to a threshold. Performing normal adaptive optics feedback if the wavefront data is of sufficient quality. Performing an initial adjustment if the wavefront data is not of sufficient quality. The initial adjustment comprising sending control information to modify the optical path in which light is radiated onto a subject. After the initial adjustment, receiving new quality data that is based on new wavefront data after the optical path has been modified. Performing the normal adaptive optics feedback if the quality information indicates that the wavefront data is of sufficient quality. Re-performing the initial adjustment if the new quality information indicates that the wavefront data is not of sufficient quality.

The disclosure provides a control device for controlling at least one manipulator of a microlithographic projection lens by generating a travel command, which defines a change to be undertaken, of an optical effect of at least one optical element of the projection lens by manipulating a property of the optical element via the at least one manipulator along a travel. The control device is configured to generate the travel command for the at least one manipulator from a state characterization of the projection lens by optimizing a merit function. Here, the merit function includes a linear combination of at least two exponential expressions, a setting of the at least one manipulator defining the manipulation of the property of the optical element is represented via a travel variable and the respective base of the at least two exponential expressions contains a function of the travel variable.

A digital camera having an airtight chamber formed by a transparent dustproof plate placed adjacent a lens and pressure compensating or mitigating means. A main camera body and a transparent plate form an airtight chamber in a digital camera. A bellows or deflectable diaphragm is placed within the airtight chamber and coupled to a vent hole open to atmosphere outside of the main camera body. In an embodiment, a position adjusting mechanism moves an image pickup element in a vertical and lateral direction providing a perspective control mechanism.

A system and method for determining information about a scene of an image capture event, wherein a first set of image data and a second set of image data of a scene is recorded during an image capture event. Information is determined about the scene by comparing the first and second sets of image data and an image is generated based on the determined information. In some embodiments, depth map information is further generated based on the information. In some embodiments, the image is deblurred based on the information.