An optical device includes a liquid crystal layer having a first plurality of liquid crystal molecules arranged in a first pattern and a second plurality of liquid crystal molecules arranged in a second pattern. The first and the second pattern are separated from each other by a distance of about 20 nm and about 100 nm along a longitudinal or a transverse axis of the liquid crystal layer. The first and the second plurality of liquid crystal molecules are configured as first and second grating structures that can redirect light of visible or infrared wavelengths.

A laser beam combining device includes an emission optical system that emits a plurality of circular laser beams propagated coaxially and having mutually different wavelengths, and a diffractive optical element that is concentric and diffracts the plurality of circular laser beams. The diffractive optical element diffracts the plurality of circular laser beams in accordance with the wavelengths of the circular laser beams, such that local diffraction angles of diffracted light of the plurality of circular laser beams incident at mutually different local incidence angles are equal to each other.

An optical combiner includes a curved reflective element and a rotating mirror configured to rotate through a range of angular displacement. During a first time period, the curved reflective element is configured to reflect a first light beam emitted from a first light source to the rotating mirror when the rotating mirror is disposed at a first angular displacement, and the rotating mirror is configured to receive the first reflected light beam and provide a first output light beam along an output optical axis. During a second time period, the curved reflective element is configured to reflect a second light beam emitted from a second light source to the rotating mirror when the rotating mirror is disposed at a second angular displacement, and the rotating mirror is configured to receive the second reflected light beam and provide a second output light beam along the output optical axis.

A surveying instrument comprises a light projecting optical system for projecting a distance measuring light to a predetermined measuring point, a light receiving optical system for receiving a reflected distance measuring light and an infrared light from the measuring point, and an arithmetic control module for controlling a distance measurement and a temperature measurement based on light receiving results of the reflected distance measuring light and the infrared light, and the arithmetic control module measures a distance to the measuring point based on light receiving results of the reflected distance measuring light received by a photodetector of the light receiving optical system, and measures a temperature of the measuring point based on light receiving results of the infrared light received by a temperature sensor of the light receiving optical system.

Deterioration of optical characteristics is suppressed. An optical measurement device according to an embodiment includes: an excitation light source (101 to 103) that emits excitation light having a wavelength of at least 450 nanometers or less; a lens structure (116) that condenses the excitation light at a predetermined position; a fluorescence detection system (140) that detects fluorescence emitted from a particle by excitation of the particle present at the predetermined position by the excitation light; and a scattered light detection system (130) that detects scattered light generated by the excitation light being scattered by the particle present at the predetermined position, and the lens structure includes a plurality of lenses (21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28) arranged along an optical axis of the excitation light and a lens frame (10) that holds the plurality of lenses, and a position of at least one of the plurality of lenses in the lens frame is determined by abutting on a lens adjacent to the lens.

An imaging apparatus includes a first optical system, a first separation optical system that separates the light transmitted through the first optical system into the first wavelength range light and the second wavelength range light, a second optical system that transmits the first wavelength range light obtained by the first separation optical system, a third optical system that transmits the second wavelength range light obtained by the first separation optical system, a first image sensor that receives the first wavelength range light, a second image sensor that receives the second wavelength range light, and a first light source that emits the first wavelength range light, in which the first optical system emits the first wavelength range light emitted from the first light source to a subject, and transmits subject light including first wavelength range reflected light obtained by reflecting the first wavelength range light by the subject.

A color mixing lens assembly is provided. The color mixing assembly may include a center mixing structure arranged concentrically within the optic. The center mixing structure may be configured to receive a first portion of electromagnetic radiation from a light receiving structure. The center mixing structure may include a plated surface. The center mixing structure may include a center kick structure arranged concentrically within the center mixing structure. The center kick structure may be configured to reflect the first portion of the electromagnetic radiation towards the plated surface. The center mixing structure may be configured to reflect the first portion of the electromagnetic radiation from the plated surface through an exit surface of the optic. The optic may be configured to reflect a second portion of the electromagnetic radiation received from the light source structure through the exit surface of the optic.

An imaging system includes an imaging apparatus including a first optical system that transmits first wavelength range light, and a first image sensor that receives the first wavelength range light guided by the first optical system, and a projector including a first light source that emits the first wavelength range light, and a second optical system that emits the first wavelength range light emitted from the first light source to a subject side, in which an optical specification of the first optical system and an optical specification of the second optical system correspond to each other, the first optical system includes a first optical element that is displaced by receiving power generated by a first drive source, and the second optical system includes a second optical element that is displaced by receiving power generated by a second drive source.

An imaging system includes a light source configured to produce a plurality of spatially separated light beams. The system also includes an injection optical system configured to modify the plurality of beams, such that respective pupils formed by beams of the plurality exiting from the injection optical system are spatially separated from each other. The system further includes a light-guiding optical element having an in-coupling grating configured to admit a first beam of the plurality into the light-guiding optical element while excluding a second beam of the plurality from the light-guiding optical element, such that the first beam propagates by substantially total internal reflection through the light-guiding optical element.

Various embodiments of a multi-laser system are disclosed. In some embodiments, the multi-laser system includes a plurality of lasers, a plurality of laser beams, a beam positioning system, a thermally stable enclosure, and a temperature controller. The thermally stable enclosure is substantially made of a material with high thermal conductivity such as at least 5 W/(m K). The thermally stable enclosure can help maintain alignment of the laser beams to a target object over a range of ambient temperatures. Various embodiments of an optical system for directing light for optical measurements such laser-induced fluorescence and spectroscopic analysis are disclosed. In some embodiments, the optical system includes a thermally conductive housing and a thermoelectric controller, a plurality of optical fibers, and one or more optical elements to direct light emitted by the optical fibers to illuminate a flow cell. The housing is configured to attach to a flow cell.