A system is disclosed that display configured to transmit a signal that includes a first light configured as a display image and a second light configured as a reference image. The system also includes a beam splitter, a selectively transmissive mirror and a sensor configured to detect the second light. The beam splitter is configured to receive the signal from the display and reflect the signal to the selectively transmissive mirror. The selectively transmissive mirror is configured to receive the reflected signal, transmit the second light toward a sensor, and reflect the first light, wherein the first light is configured with a first bandwidth, wherein the second light is configured with a second bandwidth. The system further includes a corrector lens configured to receive the first light and transmit the first light to an exit pupil.

Beamformers are formed (e.g., carved) from a stack of transparent sheets. A rear face of each sheet has a reflective coating. The reflectivities of the coatings vary monotonically with sheet position within the stack. The sheets are tilted relative to the intended direction of an input beam and then bonded to form the stack. The carving can include dicing the stack to yield stacklets, and polishing the stacklets to form beamformers. Each beamformer is thus a stack of beamsplitters, including a front beamsplitter in the form of a triangular or trapezoidal prism, and one or more beamsplitters in the form of rhomboid prisms. In use, a beamformer forms an output beam from an input beam. More specifically, the beamformer splits an input beam into plural output beam components that collectively constitute an output beam that differs in cross section from the input beam.

A method and an apparatus of a powder bed fusion additive manufacturing system that enables a quick change in the optical beam delivery size and intensity across locations of a print surface for different powdered materials while ensuring high availability of the system. A dynamic optical assembly containing a set of lens assemblies of different magnification ratios and a mechanical assembly may change the magnification ratios as needed. The dynamic optical assembly may include a transitional and rotational position control of the optics to minimize variations of the optical beam sizes across the print surface.

An aperture stop exploitation camera comprises an imaging lens column positioned along an optical axis and configured to transmit light from a scene from a single viewpoint and converge the light as it passes through the aperture stop. Also, the camera comprises a light redistribution optic (LRO) that is a thin V-shape having an apex. The LRO is centered along the optical axis with the apex pointing towards the imaging lens column. The LRO has two planar sides with each side angled 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis and each side configured to reflect and transmit the light transmitted from the imaging lens column into three independent, spatially separate images, each retaining all the spectral, polarimetric, and relative intensity information of the light from the scene. The camera comprises three image sensors, each image sensor positioned to receive one of the three independent, spatially separate images.

A system and a method for monitoring and regulating the level of contents in a vessel is disclosed. In some embodiments, the system or the method use laser beams and photosensors to determine the level of the contents of the vessel.

A laser apparatus including an optical element made of a CaF.sub.2 crystal and configured to transmit an ultraviolet laser beam obliquely incident on one surface of the optical element, the electric field axis of the P-polarized component of the laser beam propagating through the optical element coinciding with one axis contained in <111> of the CaF.sub.2 crystal, with the P-polarized component defined with respect to the one surface. A method for manufacturing an optical element, the method including causing a seed CaF.sub.2 crystal to undergo crystal growth along one axis contained in <111> to form an ingot, setting a cutting axis to be an axis inclining by an angle within 14.18±5° with respect to the crystal growth direction toward the direction of another axis contained in <111>, which differs from the crystal growth direction, and cutting the ingot along a plane perpendicular to the cutting axis.

Devices and methods are described herein to measure optical power in scanning laser projectors. In general, the devices and methods utilize a filter component and photodiode to measure optical power being generated by at least one laser light source, with the filter component configured to at least partially compensate for the non-uniform electric current response of the photodiode. Such a configuration facilitates accurate optical power measurement using only one photodiode, and thus can facilitate accurate optical power measurement in a relatively compact device and with relatively low cost.

An additive manufacturing system including a two-dimensional energy patterning system for imaging a powder bed is disclosed. Improved structure formation, part creation and manipulation, use of multiple additive manufacturing systems, and high throughput manufacturing methods suitable for automated or semi-automated factories are also disclosed.

Embodiments of the present invention include a backscatter reductant anamorphic beam sampler. The beam sampler can be implemented to measure a power of a reference beam generated by an electromagnetic radiation source in proportion to a power of a working beam. The beam sampler can provide astigmatic correction to a divergence of the working beam along one axis orthogonal to a direction of propagation. The beam sampler can further be implemented to prevent backscatter from impinging upon a photodetector of the beam sampler resulting in a reduction of error and instability in measurements taken by the beam sampler.

In various embodiments, a wavelength beam combining laser system includes a fast-axis collimation lens that is rotated with respect to a plurality of emitters in order to converge the emitted beams onto a dispersive element and/or reduce the size of the multi-wavelength output beam of the system.