The present disclosure relates to an image sensor comprising a first layer of photoelectric material and a diffraction grating located between said first layer and the face of the sensor configured to receive light rays.

An imaging system includes a light source configured to produce a plurality of spatially separated light beams. The system also includes an injection optical system configured to modify the plurality of beams, such that respective pupils formed by beams of the plurality exiting from the injection optical system are spatially separated from each other. The system further includes a light-guiding optical element having an in-coupling grating configured to admit a first beam of the plurality into the light-guiding optical element while excluding a second beam of the plurality from the light-guiding optical element, such that the first beam propagates by substantially total internal reflection through the light-guiding optical element.

A laser projection module is provided. The laser projection module includes a substrate assembly, a lens barrel assembly, a light source, a diffractive optical element and a collimation element. The lens barrel assembly includes a lens barrel and a stop member connected to the lens barrel. The lens barrel is disposed on the substrate assembly and configured to define a receiving cavity together with the substrate assembly. The light source is disposed on the substrate assembly, accommodated in the receiving cavity, and configured to emit laser to the receiving cavity. The diffractive optical element and the collimation element are accommodated in the receiving cavity. The light source, the collimation element and the diffractive optical element are sequentially disposed in an optical path of the light source. The stop member is configured to prevent the diffractive optical element from moving in a light-emitting direction of the laser projection module.

A projector assembly includes three coaxially aligned lenses and an aperture stop. The three coaxially aligned lenses include a first lens and, in order of increasing distance therefrom and on a same side thereof, a second lens and a positive meniscus lens. The first lens is a positive lens. The second lens is a negative lens. The second lens is located between the aperture stop and the positive meniscus lens. The projector assembly is one-sided telecentric at a plane proximate the positive meniscus lens.

An optical device includes a spatial light modulator configured to project image light, a diffractive lens, and a polarization-selective reflector. The spatial light modulator defines an optical axis. The diffractive lens is positioned to receive the image light from the spatial light modulator. The polarization-selective reflector is positioned to receive the image light from the diffractive lens. The polarization-selective reflector having a polarization-selective reflective surface in an orientation that is non-perpendicular to the optical axis of the spatial light modulator.

The invention relates to optical instruments, more specifically to electronic diffraction diaphragms, controllable light-adjusting elements and optical filters for objectives, cameras and other optical devices. A device has been developed for adjusting optical devices and changing the intensity, direction and concentration of light rays in optical instruments by creating, in real time or a specified time, variable diffraction stencil patterns (plane-parallel and perpendicular bands, concentric circles and other shapes) on an element of an electronic diaphragm. The electronic diffraction diaphragm device can operate both in a dynamic and in a static operation mode of the element. A device of this kind enhances the capabilities of other optical instruments and cameras and improves or changes the characteristics thereof.

An optical height detection system in a charged particle beam inspection system. The optical height detection system includes a projection unit including a modulated illumination source, a projection grating mask including a projection grating pattern, and a projection optical unit for projecting the projection grating pattern to a sample; and a detection unit including a first detection grating mask including a first detection grating pattern, a second detection grating mask including a second detection grating pattern, and a detection optical system for forming a first grating image from the projection grating pattern onto the first detection grating mask and forming a second grating image from the projection grating pattern onto the second detection grating masks. The first and second detection grating patterns at least partially overlap the first and second grating images, respectively.

An optical device comprises a waveguide plate comprising an entrance pupil grating unit, a left pupil-expanding grating unit, and a right pupil-expanding grating unit. The left and right pupil-expanding grating units are bilaterally symmetric, and left and right exit pupil grating units are bilaterally symmetric. An input light is diffracted by the entrance pupil grating unit to form a first left guided light and a first right guided light, the first left guided light is diffracted by the left pupil-expanding grating unit to form a second left guided light, and the first right guided light is diffracted by the right pupil-expanding grating unit to form a second right guided light. The second left guided light is diffracted by the left pupil-expanding grating unit to form a left output light, and the second right guided light is diffracted by the right pupil-expanding grating unit to form a right output light.

An optical identifier including a recording surface, a plurality of deflection cells each of which has recorded thereon a range in which light to be diffracted is deflected, at least one spatial phase modulator which fills a space between the deflection cells on the recording surface, and a deposition layer which covers part or all of the recording surface. The deflection cells has a spatial frequency expressed in a form of a relief structure and are discretely formed on the recording surface at regular intervals away from each other. A variable color image is recorded by pixels defined by the deflection cells. The spatial phase modulator has thereon a distribution of phase differences recorded in a form of heights of the relief structure. The spatial phase modulator modulates a phase of light outputted from a point light source and displays a reproduced image.

A fixed focal length imaging optical system includes a first lens group having positive power, a second lens group having positive power, and a third lens group having negative power in order from an object side toward an image side. Upon focusing, the second lens group moves along an optical axis, and the first lens group and the third lens group do not move. The present disclosure provides the fixed focal length imaging optical system capable of favorably correcting various aberrations such as spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortion, and an imaging device and a camera system each of which includes the fixed focal length imaging optical system.