A dynamically actuable diffractive optical element (DOE) includes a substrate and a diffraction grating disposed on a first region of a surface of the substrate. The DOE further includes a quantity of a fluid disposed on a second region of the surface of the substrate, a fluid displacer disposed adjacent the second region of the surface of the substrate, and a drive signal source configured to send an electric signal to the fluid displacer. The fluid displacer is configured to, upon receiving the electric signal in a first state, causing a portion of the quantity of the fluid to be displaced from the second region of the surface into grooves of the diffraction grating, and upon receiving the electric signal in a second state, causing the portion of the quantity of the fluid to retract from the grooves of the diffraction grating to the second region of the surface.

A three-dimensional display apparatus providing a plurality of view points at a view zone includes a directional display structure including a plurality of first sub-pixels configured to display a plurality of first sub-images, and a plurality of second sub-pixels configured to display a plurality of second sub-images; a plurality of grating structures including a plurality of first grating structures configured to perform diffraction of light such that the first sub-images are directionally transmitted, and a plurality of second grating structures configured to perform diffraction of light such that the second sub-images are directionally transmitted; a reflector between the directional display structure and the view zone reflecting the first sub-images being directionally transmitted to a first view point and the second sub-images being directionally transmitted to a second view point, thereby displaying a three-dimensional image. The first and second view points can be different but within a same view zone.

A three-dimensional display apparatus providing a plurality of view points at a view zone includes a directional display structure including a plurality of first sub-pixels configured to display a plurality of first sub-images, and a plurality of second sub-pixels configured to display a plurality of second sub-images; a plurality of grating structures including a plurality of first grating structures configured to perform diffraction of light such that the first sub-images are directionally transmitted, and a plurality of second grating structures configured to perform diffraction of light such that the second sub-images are directionally transmitted; a reflector between the directional display structure and the view zone reflecting the first sub-images being directionally transmitted to a first view point and the second sub-images being directionally transmitted to a second view point, thereby displaying a three-dimensional image. The first and second view points can be different but within a same view zone.

An optical waveguide element, a control method of the optical waveguide element, a display device and a display method of the display device are provided. The optical waveguide element includes an optical waveguide layer and a first grating, the first gratin overlaps with the optical waveguide layer and includes at least one first sub-grating unit, the at least one first sub-grating unit, is configured to be switchable between a diffraction state and a non-diffraction state, and the at least one first sub-grating unit in a diffraction state guides incident light in the optical waveguide layer out of the optical waveguide layer for display. The optical waveguide element is capable of adjusting the position of the light-exiting region, the utilization rate of light is high.

An optical waveguide element, a control method of the optical waveguide element, a display device and a display method of the display device are provided. The optical waveguide element includes an optical waveguide layer and a first grating, the first gratin overlaps with the optical waveguide layer and includes at least one first sub-grating unit, the at least one first sub-grating unit, is configured to be switchable between a diffraction state and a non-diffraction state, and the at least one first sub-grating unit in a diffraction state guides incident light in the optical waveguide layer out of the optical waveguide layer for display. The optical waveguide element is capable of adjusting the position of the light-exiting region, the utilization rate of light is high.

In a waveguide display, a first projector is configured to generate display light for a first field of view (FOV) of a display image. A first input coupler is configured to couple the display light for the first FOV into a visibly transparent substrate. A first set of gratings is configured to couple the display light for the first FOV out of the substrate at a first two-dimensional array of locations of the substrate. A second projector is configured to generate display light for a second FOV of the display image different from the first FOV. A second input coupler is configured to couple the display light for the second FOV into the substrate. A second set of gratings is configured to couple the display light for the second FOV out of the substrate at a second two-dimensional array of locations of the substrate.

In a waveguide display, a first projector is configured to generate display light for a first field of view (FOV) of a display image. A first input coupler is configured to couple the display light for the first FOV into a visibly transparent substrate. A first set of gratings is configured to couple the display light for the first FOV out of the substrate at a first two-dimensional array of locations of the substrate. A second projector is configured to generate display light for a second FOV of the display image different from the first FOV. A second input coupler is configured to couple the display light for the second FOV into the substrate. A second set of gratings is configured to couple the display light for the second FOV out of the substrate at a second two-dimensional array of locations of the substrate.

A waveguide display includes a substrate transparent to visible light and a projector configured to generate display light for an image, where the display light includes display light for a first field of view (FOV) of the image and display light for a second FOV of the image. The waveguide display also includes a first input coupler configured to couple the display light for the first FOV into the substrate, a first set of gratings configured to couple the display light for the first FOV out of the substrate at a first two-dimensional array of locations of the substrate, a second input coupler configured to couple the display light for the second FOV into the substrate, and a second set of gratings configured to couple the display light for the second FOV out of the substrate at a second two-dimensional array of locations of the substrate.

A waveguide display includes a substrate transparent to visible light and a projector configured to generate display light for an image, where the display light includes display light for a first field of view (FOV) of the image and display light for a second FOV of the image. The waveguide display also includes a first input coupler configured to couple the display light for the first FOV into the substrate, a first set of gratings configured to couple the display light for the first FOV out of the substrate at a first two-dimensional array of locations of the substrate, a second input coupler configured to couple the display light for the second FOV into the substrate, and a second set of gratings configured to couple the display light for the second FOV out of the substrate at a second two-dimensional array of locations of the substrate.

An optical composite film comprises a reflective grating film layer, a first uniaxial optical film layer, and a second uniaxial optical film layer. The first uniaxial optical film layer comprises a plate portion and a plurality of refraction portions. The plate portion is disposed on the reflective grating film layer. The plurality of refraction portions are disposed on a side of the plate portion away from the reflective grating film layer, and are either curved columns or quadrangular prisms. The second uniaxial optical film layer is laminated on a side of the plate portion adjacent to the refraction portions. The plurality of refraction portions are accommodated in the second uniaxial optical film layer. The second uniaxial optical film layer has an ordinary refractive index less than an extraordinary refractive index of the first uniaxial optical film layer.