Cascaded metasurfaces can control the phase, amplitude and polarization of an electromagnetic beam, shaping it in three dimensional configuration not achievable with other methods. Each cascaded metasurface has dielectric or metallic scatterers arranged in a period array. The shape of the scatterers determines the three dimensional configuration of the output beam and is determined with iterative calculations through computational simulations.

Cascaded metasurfaces can control the phase, amplitude and polarization of an electromagnetic beam, shaping it in three dimensional configuration not achievable with other methods. Each cascaded metasurface has dielectric or metallic scatterers arranged in a period array. The shape of the scatterers determines the three dimensional configuration of the output beam and is determined with iterative calculations through computational simulations.

A diffractive optical element and a terminal device are disclosed. The diffractive optical element includes grating components periodically distributed in a first dimension. The grating component includes N optical waveguides. The N optical waveguides include M optical waveguides that periodically change in a second dimension. At least two of the M optical waveguides that periodically change in the second dimension have different structures. An included angle between the second dimension and the first dimension is greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees. N is an integer greater than 1. M is an integer greater than 1 and not greater than N.

A near-eye display has an image projector coupled to a lightguide for receiving and propagating image light provided by the image projector, the image light carrying an image to be displayed to a viewer. Field of view of the near-eye display may be expanded by providing a beam redirector downstream of the lightguide for controllably redirecting the image light in coordination with displaying different field of view portions by the image projector. To compensate the redirection of external light by the beam redirector, a second beam redirector may be provided upstream of the first redirector and the lightguide.

A near-eye display has an image projector coupled to a lightguide for receiving and propagating image light provided by the image projector, the image light carrying an image to be displayed to a viewer. Field of view of the near-eye display may be expanded by providing a beam redirector downstream of the lightguide for controllably redirecting the image light in coordination with displaying different field of view portions by the image projector. To compensate the redirection of external light by the beam redirector, a second beam redirector may be provided upstream of the first redirector and the lightguide.

The optical system includes a projector, a deflector, a polarizer, a first grating coupler structure, and a second grating coupler structure. The projector emits three beams having different wavelengths. The deflector is disposed below the projector and is configured to change incident angles of the three beams and to focus the three beams at the same region of the first grating coupler structure. The first grating coupler structure is below the deflector and is configured to couple the three beams into a light-guide lens such that the three beams travel the same optical path within the light-guide lens. The light-guide lens is connected to the first grating coupler structure and is configured to transmit the three beams. The polarizer is disposed between the projector and the deflector and is configured to filter out transverse electric (TE) modes or transverse magnetic (TM) modes of the three beams.

The optical system includes a projector, a deflector, a polarizer, a first grating coupler structure, and a second grating coupler structure. The projector emits three beams having different wavelengths. The deflector is disposed below the projector and is configured to change incident angles of the three beams and to focus the three beams at the same region of the first grating coupler structure. The first grating coupler structure is below the deflector and is configured to couple the three beams into a light-guide lens such that the three beams travel the same optical path within the light-guide lens. The light-guide lens is connected to the first grating coupler structure and is configured to transmit the three beams. The polarizer is disposed between the projector and the deflector and is configured to filter out transverse electric (TE) modes or transverse magnetic (TM) modes of the three beams.

Augmented reality glasses include near eye displays the include sources of imagewise amplitude modulated light optical coupled to spatial phase modulators or active zone plate modulators and optically coupled to eye coupling optics. The sources of imagewise amplitude modulated light can include emissive 2D display panels or light sources coupled to imagewise amplitude modulators. The eye coupling optics can include volume holographic diffraction gratings.

Augmented reality glasses include near eye displays the include sources of imagewise amplitude modulated light optical coupled to spatial phase modulators or active zone plate modulators and optically coupled to eye coupling optics. The sources of imagewise amplitude modulated light can include emissive 2D display panels or light sources coupled to imagewise amplitude modulators. The eye coupling optics can include volume holographic diffraction gratings.

Augmented reality glasses include near eye displays the include sources of imagewise amplitude modulated light optical coupled to spatial phase modulators or active zone plate modulators and optically coupled to eye coupling optics. The sources of imagewise amplitude modulated light can include emissive 2D display panels or light sources coupled to imagewise amplitude modulators. The eye coupling optics can include volume holographic diffraction gratings.