A stretchable electrooptical device includes a liquid crystal cell disposed between first and second ionic conducting gel layers; and first and second electronic conductors in electrical contact with the first and second ionic conducting gel layers, respectively, said first and second electronic conductors connectable to an external voltage source.

Provided is an apparatus for controlling a laser light propagation direction, including: a substrate configured to transmit at least a wavelength range of a laser light incident on the apparatus and deflected; and a metasurface disposed on the substrate, and comprising a plurality of nano-antennas, wherein each of the plurality of nano-antennas may include: a first contact and a second contact that are disposed apart from each other, and comprise an electrically conductive material to transmit at least the wavelength range of the laser light; and a semiconductor p-i-n heterostructure that disposed between the first contact and the second contact and comprises a p-region, an i-region and an n-region, which are disposed in parallel to the substrate.

An electro-optic device includes a first electrode electrically connecting with power supply circuitry. A second electrode is spaced from the first electrode and electrically connecting with the power supply circuitry. An electro-optic medium is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. At least one third electrode is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and electrically connecting with one of the first electrode and the second electrode via switching circuitry. The switching circuitry is operable to control an electrical current through the first electrode, the electro-optic medium, and the second electrode.

A liquid crystal-based non-mechanical beam steering device that permits steering in the mid-wave infrared and has a chalcogenide waveguide. The waveguide core, the subcladding, or both comprise a chalcogenide glass. The liquid crystal-based non-mechanical beam steering device has a tapered subcladding and a liquid crystal layer.

An electro-optical modulator assembly including a transistor including a gate, a drain, and a source disposed on a substrate, a photonic modulator including a first waveguide structure positioned between a first electrode and a second electrode, the photonic modulator being integrated with the transistor on the substrate, and a metal connection coupled between the drain of the transistor and one of the first and second electrodes of the photonic modulator.

An electro-optic assembly comprises a first substrate and a second substrate. The first and second substrates are disposed in a parallel and spaced apart relationship so as to define a cavity therebetween. A primary seal extends between the first and second substrates. An electro-optic medium is located in the cavity and retained in an inboard direction by the primary seal. A plurality of first spacer elements are coupled to the primary seal. A break wall is located in the inboard direction or an outboard direction from the primary seal. The break wall extends between the first and second substrates and generally along the primary seal. A plurality of second spacer elements are coupled to the break wall. A space is defined between the primary seal and the break wall in the inboard-outboard directions.

The embodiments herein relate to methods for controlling an optical transition and the ending tint state of an optically switchable device, and optically switchable devices configured to perform such methods. In various embodiments, non-optical (e.g., electrical) feedback is used to help control an optical transition. The feedback may be used for a number of different purposes. In many implementations, the feedback is used to control an ongoing optical transition. In some embodiments a transfer function is used calibrate optical drive parameters to control the tinting state of optically switching devices.

An electrophoretic medium includes a fluid, a plurality of light scattering charged particles having a first polarity, and a first, second, and third set of particles, each set having a color different from each other set. The first and second particles may have a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, and the mobility of the third set of particles is less than half of the mobility of the light scattering particles, the first set of charged particles, and the second set of charged particles.

A smart glass transmittance control system includes: a smart glass that decreases transmittance of the smart glass in response to the quantity of light introduced and increases the transmittance of the smart glass when electric power is applied; a power supply unit to supply the electric power to the smart glass; a control unit to control supply of the electric power from the power supply unit to the smart glass in order to control the transmittance of the smart glass according to a user request. In particular, the control unit controls the supply of the electric power from the power supply unit to the smart glass based on the driving environment of a vehicle, the quantity of light from an external light source, or the driving environment condition of the smart glass.

A phase modulation active device and a method of driving the phase modulation active device are provided. The phase modulation active device includes channels independently modulating a phase of incident light. The method includes selecting a first phase value and a second phase value to be used for the channels, setting a binary phase profile by allocating the selected first phase value or the selected second phase value to each of the channels quasi-periodically, in a sequence in which the channels are arranged, and driving the phase modulation active device, based on the set binary phase profile.