A display device includes a display panel, a light guide plate, a first light source unit, and an optical member. The light guide plate is on the display panel. The first light source unit is configured to provide light to a side surface of the light guide plate. The optical member is between the light guide plate and the display panel. The optical member includes an interconnection layer, an optical pattern unit including first optical patterns on a surface of the interconnection layer, and first pattern shaping wires configured to receive a control voltage from the interconnection layer and to control a shape of each of the first optical patterns via the control voltage. Each of the first optical patterns is connected to a respective some of the first pattern shaping wires.

A display device includes a display panel, a light guide plate, a first light source unit, and an optical member. The light guide plate is on the display panel. The first light source unit is configured to provide light to a side surface of the light guide plate. The optical member is between the light guide plate and the display panel. The optical member includes an interconnection layer, an optical pattern unit including first optical patterns on a surface of the interconnection layer, and first pattern shaping wires configured to receive a control voltage from the interconnection layer and to control a shape of each of the first optical patterns via the control voltage. Each of the first optical patterns is connected to a respective some of the first pattern shaping wires.

An electro-optical includes, in part, a multitude of phase modulators each of which includes, in part, a p-type semiconductor region, an n-type semiconductor region, and a .sup.(2) insulating dielectric material disposed between the p-type and n-type semiconductor regions. The electro-optical device may be a phased array in which each phase modulator is associated with a different one of the transmitting elements of the phased array. The .sup.(2) insulating dielectric material may be an organic polymer. The electro-optical device may further include, in part, a multitude of sensors each associated with a different one of the phase modulators. Each sensor is adapted to receive a phase modulated signal generated by the sensor's associated phase modulator. The electro-optical device may further include, in part, a multitude of amplitude modulators each associated with a different one of the multitude of phase modulators.

An electro-optical includes, in part, a multitude of phase modulators each of which includes, in part, a p-type semiconductor region, an n-type semiconductor region, and a .sup.(2) insulating dielectric material disposed between the p-type and n-type semiconductor regions. The electro-optical device may be a phased array in which each phase modulator is associated with a different one of the transmitting elements of the phased array. The .sup.(2) insulating dielectric material may be an organic polymer. The electro-optical device may further include, in part, a multitude of sensors each associated with a different one of the phase modulators. Each sensor is adapted to receive a phase modulated signal generated by the sensor's associated phase modulator. The electro-optical device may further include, in part, a multitude of amplitude modulators each associated with a different one of the multitude of phase modulators.

The disclosure discloses a pixel circuit and a driving method thereof, a display device. The pixel circuit includes a first thin film transistor, a second thin film transistor, a third thin film transistor, a fourth thin film transistor, a fifth thin film transistor, a sixth thin film transistor, a seventh thin film transistor, an eighth thin film transistor, a light-emitting diode, a storage capacitor and a compensation module.

A method includes forming a layer of molecular feedstock over a surface of a substrate, the molecular feedstock including a chiral molecule, forming crystal nuclei from the molecular feedstock within a nucleation region of the layer, and growing the crystal nuclei to form an organic solid crystal (OSC) thin film. A chiral molecule-containing organic solid crystal thin film may have a refractive index and birefringence that can be actively tuned via charge injection. An organic solid crystal (OSC) thin film including a single enantiomer of a chiral organic molecule may be configured to propagate a selected handedness of circularly polarized light.

A method includes forming a layer of molecular feedstock over a surface of a substrate, the molecular feedstock including a chiral molecule, forming crystal nuclei from the molecular feedstock within a nucleation region of the layer, and growing the crystal nuclei to form an organic solid crystal (OSC) thin film. A chiral molecule-containing organic solid crystal thin film may have a refractive index and birefringence that can be actively tuned via charge injection. An organic solid crystal (OSC) thin film including a single enantiomer of a chiral organic molecule may be configured to propagate a selected handedness of circularly polarized light.

An organic solid crystal (OSC) thin film includes an organic crystalline phase, where the organic crystalline phase includes a chiral molecule. A chiral molecule-containing organic solid crystal thin film may have a refractive index and birefringence that can be actively tuned via charge injection. An organic solid crystal thin film including a single enantiomer of a chiral organic molecule may be configured to propagate a selected handedness of circularly polarized light.

An organic solid crystal (OSC) thin film includes an organic crystalline phase, where the organic crystalline phase includes a chiral molecule. A chiral molecule-containing organic solid crystal thin film may have a refractive index and birefringence that can be actively tuned via charge injection. An organic solid crystal thin film including a single enantiomer of a chiral organic molecule may be configured to propagate a selected handedness of circularly polarized light.

The present invention provides polymeric materials arranged as photonic crystals, or portions of photonic crystals, having properties which can be easily tuned over a large range of wavelengths upon exposure to an external stimulus. In some embodiments, the photonic crystals comprise at least one portion which can undergo a change in a physical, chemical, dielectric, or other property upon exposure to an altering stimulus, resulting in a change in a diffracted wavelength of electromagnetic radiation (e.g, light) by the photonic crystal. Embodiments of the invention may advantageously exhibit large stop band tunability and rapid response times. Photonic crystals of the invention may be useful in a wide variety of applications, such as colorimetric sensors, active components of simple display devices, electrically controlled tunable optically pumped laser, photonic switches, multiband filters, and the like.