According to the present invention, an optical testing apparatus is used in testing an optical measuring instrument. The optical measuring instrument provides an incident light pulse from a light source to an incident object and receives a reflected light pulse as a result of reflection of the incident light pulse at the incident object. The optical testing apparatus includes a testing light source and a rise time control section. The testing light source is arranged to generate a testing light pulse to be provided to the optical measuring instrument. The rise time control section is arranged to control the rise time of the testing light pulse.

According to the present invention, an optical testing apparatus is used in testing an optical measuring instrument. The optical measuring instrument provides an incident light pulse from a light source to an incident object and receives a reflected light pulse as a result of reflection of the incident light pulse at the incident object. The optical testing apparatus includes a testing light source and a rise time control section. The testing light source is arranged to generate a testing light pulse to be provided to the optical measuring instrument. The rise time control section is arranged to control the rise time of the testing light pulse.

Apparatus and methods for fluorescence imaging using radiofrequency multiplexed excitation. One apparatus splits an excitation laser beam into two arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The light in the first beam is frequency shifted by an acousto-optic deflector, which is driven by a phase-engineered radiofrequency comb designed to minimize peak-to-average power ratio. This RF comb generates multiple deflected optical beams possessing a range of output angles and frequency shifts. The second beam is shifted in frequency using an acousto-optic frequency shifter. After combining at a second beam splitter, the two beams are focused to a line on the sample using a conventional laser scanning microscope lens system. The acousto-optic deflectors frequency-encode the simultaneous excitation of an entire row of pixels, which enables detection and de-multiplexing of fluorescence images using a single photomultiplier tube and digital phase-coherent signal recovery techniques.

Apparatus and methods for fluorescence imaging using radiofrequency multiplexed excitation. One apparatus splits an excitation laser beam into two arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The light in the first beam is frequency shifted by an acousto-optic deflector, which is driven by a phase-engineered radiofrequency comb designed to minimize peak-to-average power ratio. This RF comb generates multiple deflected optical beams possessing a range of output angles and frequency shifts. The second beam is shifted in frequency using an acousto-optic frequency shifter. After combining at a second beam splitter, the two beams are focused to a line on the sample using a conventional laser scanning microscope lens system. The acousto-optic deflectors frequency-encode the simultaneous excitation of an entire row of pixels, which enables detection and de-multiplexing of fluorescence images using a single photomultiplier tube and digital phase-coherent signal recovery techniques.

Optical apparatus includes an acousto-optic medium and an array of multiple piezoelectric transducers attached to the acousto-optic medium. A drive circuit is coupled to apply to the piezoelectric transducers respective drive signals including at least first and second frequency components at different, respective first and second frequencies and with different, respective phase offsets for the first and second frequency components at each of the multiple piezoelectric transducers.

Optical apparatus includes an acousto-optic medium and an array of multiple piezoelectric transducers attached to the acousto-optic medium. A drive circuit is coupled to apply to the piezoelectric transducers respective drive signals including at least first and second frequency components at different, respective first and second frequencies and with different, respective phase offsets for the first and second frequency components at each of the multiple piezoelectric transducers.

Systems and methods relate to arranging atoms into 1D and/or 2D arrays; exciting the atoms into Rydberg states and evolving the array of atoms, for example, using laser manipulation techniques and high-fidelity laser systems described herein; and observing the resulting final state. In addition, refinements can be made, such as providing high fidelity and coherent control of the assembled array of atoms. Exemplary problems can be solved using the systems and methods for arrangement and control of atoms.

The disclosure describes various aspects of a practical implementation of multi-qubit gate architecture. A method is described that includes enabling ions in the ion trap having three energy levels, enabling a low-heating rate motional mode (e.g., zig-zag mode) at a ground state of motion with the ions in the ion trap; and performing a Cirac and Zoller (CZ) protocol using the low-heating rate motional mode as a motional state of the CZ protocol and one of the energy levels as an auxiliary state of the CZ protocol, where performing the CZ protocol includes implementing the multi-qubit gate. The method also includes performing one or more algorithms using the multi-qubit gate, including Grover's algorithm, Shor's factoring algorithm, quantum approximation optimization algorithm (QAOA), error correction algorithms, and quantum and Hamiltonian simulations. A corresponding system that supports the implementation of a multi-qubit gate architecture is also described.

A Q switch resonator includes: an optical resonator comprising at least two mirrors, and configured to accumulate power of a continuous wave or an intermittent continuous wave incident from an outside; and a switching element provided in the optical resonator. The switching element is configured such that, when the power accumulated in the optical resonator increases to a predetermined level, the switching element outputs an optical pulse by lowering a Q factor from a first level to a second level lower than the first level.

A Q switch resonator includes: an optical resonator comprising at least two mirrors, and configured to accumulate power of a continuous wave or an intermittent continuous wave incident from an outside; and a switching element provided in the optical resonator. The switching element is configured such that, when the power accumulated in the optical resonator increases to a predetermined level, the switching element outputs an optical pulse by lowering a Q factor from a first level to a second level lower than the first level.