A bonding apparatus for bonding a driving circuit to a display panel includes: a bonding stage unit on which the display panel is supported in bonding the driving circuit to the display panel; a head unit located above the bonding stage unit and with which ultrasonic waves are applied to the driving circuit to couple the driving circuit with a bonding area of the display panel supported on the bonding stage unit; and a protrusion disposed at an edge portion of the bonding stage unit, the edge portion corresponding to an end of the display panel at which the bonding area is disposed.

A display device for switching a viewing angle, can include a display panel, a polarizing plate disposed on the display panel, a light path control cell disposed on the polarizing plate and including a liquid crystal layer, and a light path conversion film disposed on the light path control cell and including a plurality of molecules including a polarization alignment dye. An absorption axis of the polarizing plate can be substantially perpendicular to an absorption axis of the light path conversion film. The display device can switch to a shared mode or a shielding mode depending on whether or not a voltage is applied to the light path control cell, thereby providing the display device that switches its viewing angle effectively.

An aging pallet used in an aging process of a display panel is provided. The aging pallet can include a plurality of trays stacked on a driving unit. Each of the plurality of trays can include a seating portion on which the display panel is mounted, and at least one press bar disposed on the seating portion. The press bar can include protrusions protruding toward the seating portion or holes disposed at a surface of the press body toward the seating portion. Thus, the aging pallet can prevent the damage to the display panel due to particles in the aging process.

A display device according to an embodiment can include a display panel including a plurality of pixels in a matrix form and having a first pixel and a second pixel adjacent to each other among the plurality of pixels to form a group pixel, a barrier layer disposed on the display panel and including an opening portion disposed in some area of the group pixel for transmitting light and an electrochromic element positioned in a remaining area of the group pixel, and a driver configured to selectively drive a wide viewing angle mode and a narrow viewing angle mode by controlling a signal applied to the display panel and the barrier layer.

The liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes an active matrix substrate including a first electrode, a first insulating layer, and second electrodes including a first linear electrode; a color filter substrate including a black matrix, a color filter layer, a third electrode including second linear electrodes, and a fourth electrode which is a floating electrode. The third electrode and the fourth electrode are disposed between the black matrix and the liquid crystal layer. The second linear electrodes extend in a second direction and each overlap a portion of the black matrix extending in the second direction. The fourth electrode is disposed between the second linear electrodes and overlaps the black matrix in a plan view. The control circuit switches between application of driving voltage and application of constant voltage to the third electrode.

Various embodiments of the disclosure relate to an electronic device including a display and a camera. The electronic device may include a camera overlapping the display and configured to photograph external light passing through the display, wherein the display may include: a colorless and transparent substrate, a pixel layer disposed in a first direction from the substrate and comprising organic light-emitting diode (OLED) type pixels, an organic encapsulation layer (e.g., thin film encapsulation (TFE)) disposed in the first direction from the pixel layer, and a color filter layer disposed in the first direction from the organic encapsulation layer, wherein the display may include: a first area overlapping at least a portion of the camera and a second area not overlapping the camera, wherein an arrangement density of a first group of pixels in the first area may be lower than an arrangement density of a second group of pixels in the second area, and wherein the color filter layer may include first color filters overlapping the pixels of the first group, second color filters overlapping the pixels of the second group, a black matrix disposed between the second color filters in the second area, and a transmission area disposed between the first color filters in the first area.

A manufacturing apparatus of a display device includes a first jig configured to hold a first member; a second jig located under the first jig and coupled to or separated from the first jig such that the first member is locatable between the first jig and the second jig; fixing parts located at both ends of the second jig and configured to hold a second member between the first member and the second jig, the second jig including a pad; and a stage located under the pad and provided with a groove formed therethrough and having an area smaller than an area of the pad when viewed in a plan view, wherein one portion of the pad, which faces the stage, is configured to be within the groove.

In some embodiments, an augmented reality system includes at least one waveguide that is configured to receive and redirect light toward a user, and is further configured to allow ambient light from an environment of the user to pass therethrough toward the user. The augmented reality system also includes a first adaptive lens assembly positioned between the at least one waveguide and the environment, a second adaptive lens assembly positioned between the at least one waveguide and the user, and at least one processor operatively coupled to the first and second adaptive lens assemblies. Each lens assembly of the augmented reality system is selectively switchable between at least two different states in which the respective lens assembly is configured to impart at least two different optical powers to light passing therethrough, respectively. The at least one processor is configured to cause the first and second adaptive lens assemblies to synchronously switch between different states in a manner such that the first and second adaptive lens assemblies impart a substantially constant net optical power to ambient light from the environment passing therethrough.

An object of the invention is to provide a photo-alignment copolymer capable of improving upper layer coatability after layer formation, a binder composition, a binder layer, an optical laminate, and an image display device. A photo-alignment copolymer according to the embodiment of the invention has a repeating unit A including a photo-alignment group, a repeating unit B including a crosslinkable group which causes a crosslinking reaction by the action of at least one selected from the group consisting of light, heat, an acid, and a base, and a repeating unit C including a cleaving group which decomposes by the action of at least one selected from the group consisting of light, heat, an acid, and a base to produce a polar group, and the repeating unit C has the cleaving group on a side chain, and has a group of atoms which is provided on a side closer to a terminal than the cleaving group on the side chain to be able to unevenly distribute the photo-alignment copolymer on an air interface side.

Described examples include an apparatus having a phase light modulator. The apparatus also has a first light source configured to direct a first light beam to the phase light modulator, the phase light modulator configured to provide a first modulated light beam directed to a first field of view. The apparatus also has a second light source configured to direct a second light beam to the phase light modulator, the phase light modulator configured to provide a second modulated light beam directed to a second field of view. The apparatus also has a first light detector configured to detect the first modulated light beam as reflected from the first field of view; and a second light detector configured to detect the second modulated light beam as reflected from the second field of view.