A three-dimensional (3D) display module and a 3D display device are disclosed. The 3D display module has a first assembly and second lens assemblies respectively having multiple first and second lenses arranged in parallel. The extending directions of the first and second lens assemblies intersect to form a specific angle and the refractive indexes of the first and second cylinder lenses are different. A liquid crystal layer is formed between the first and second cylinder lens assemblies. A first and second electrode layer are respectively formed on two sides of the liquid crystal layer. By a control technique of arranging the cylinder lens and the liquid crystals in a specific angle, a lateral and perpendicular autostereoscopic 3D display effect is accomplished. The 3D display module has advantages of a simple manufacturing and an advantage of thinning since a period and a focal length of the cylinder lens are smaller.

A liquid crystal optical device includes: a first electrode unit including a first substrate transparent to light, a light-transmitting layer formed on the first substrate, and a first electrode formed on the light-transmitting layer and being transparent to light, the light-transmitting layer including recesses formed on a surface facing the first electrode, arranged in a first direction, and extending in a second direction; a second electrode unit including a second substrate, the second substrate being transparent to light, and two second electrodes formed on the second substrate, the second electrodes being arranged in the second direction and extending along the first direction; a liquid crystal layer located between the first and second electrode units; a first polarizing plate located on an opposite side of the second electrode unit from the liquid crystal layer; and a drive unit that applies voltages to the first and second electrodes.

A two-dimensional (2D) beam steering device may include a variable refractive index panel configured to generate a prism effect, a waveguide in contact with a surface of the variable refractive index panel, and an electro-optic prism disposed on a surface of the waveguide. The variable refractive index panel may include a variable refractive index layer, a common electrode layer, and an electrode pattern layer. The common electrode layer and the electrode pattern layer may face each other with the variable refractive index layer therebetween.

Devices, systems, and methods for training baseball and softball batters, to identify types of pitched balls (fast ball, curve ball, slider and changeup) and locations (strike or non-strike zone) of pitched balls in order to increase hitting accuracy A motion sensor can be triggered by the leading foot of a pitcher. The motion sensor can use cone or fan shaped sensor to detect the passage of a pitched ball from the pitcher. When the motion sensor is triggered, a signal can be sent to a black out lens that blocks the vision of a hitter being trained to identify the types and locations of the pitched balls. The training includes changing the lens from transparent to opaque at selected distances between the hitter and the pitcher. Batters can be trained to keep their eyes on the pitched balls until the ball reaches the batter. Golfers can be trained to not have to look up when their club hits the ball, where the black out lens are go opaque when the golf swing passes into the motion sensor.

A beam-steering optical transceiver is provided. The transceiver includes one or more modules, each comprising an antenna chip and a control chip bonded to the antenna chip. Each antenna chip has a feeder waveguide, a plurality of row waveguides that tap off from the feeder waveguide, and a plurality of metallic nanoantenna elements arranged in a two-dimensional array of rows and columns such that each row overlies one of the row waveguides. Each antenna chip also includes a plurality of independently addressable thermo-optical phase shifters, each configured to produce a thermo-optical phase shift in a respective row. Each antenna chip also has, for each row, a row-wise heating circuit configured to produce a respective thermo-optic phase shift at each nanoantenna element along its row. The control chip includes controllable current sources for the independently addressable thermo-optical phase shifters and the row-wise heating circuits.

An optical shaping apparatus includes: a light source unit that outputs collimated light; an optical function unit that is disposed on an optical path of the collimated light and modulates the optical path or a phase of the collimated light; and a control unit that controls operation of the optical function unit, to irradiate a target surface with modulated light produced in the optical function unit.

A typical liquid crystal lens includes liquid crystal sandwiched between transparent substrates, which are patterned with ring electrodes. Applying a voltage across the electrodes causes the liquid crystal molecules to rotate, changing their apparent refractive index and the lens's focal length. The ring electrodes are separated by gaps and get narrower toward the lens's periphery. If the ring electrodes are too narrower, their cannot switch the liquid crystal well. To address this problem, an inventive liquid crystal lens includes a substrate with a stepped surface that defines concentric liquid crystal regions with thicknesses that increase with lens radius. Each region is switched by a different set of ring electrodes, which may be on, under, or opposite the stepped surface. Within each region, the ring electrodes get narrower farther from the lens's center. But the ring electrodes' widths also increase with liquid crystal thickness, offsetting the decrease in width that degrades lens performance.

A coherent frequency modulated receiver for receiving and detecting arriving optical signals which comprises an electrically controllable optical beam scanner receiving optical input beams arriving at different angles in a field of view of the electrically controllable optical beam scanner, the electrically controllable optical beam scanner conveying a scanned optical input beam as its output optical beam; a grating coupler responsive to the output or reflected optical beam of the electrically controllable optical beams scanner, the grating coupler having a waveguided output; an optical local oscillator laser having a waveguided output; an FMCW signal generator; an optical modulator responsive to the optical waveguided outputs of the optical local oscillator laser and also to an electrical FMCW signal from the FMCW signal generator; a pair of second order non-linear optical elements for frequency upconverting respective outputs of the optical modulator and the grating coupler; and at least one photodiode optically coupled to an outputs of the pair of second order non-linear optical elements.

Provided is an electrochromic element including: a support; an electrochromic layer over the support; an electrolyte layer over the support; and a sealant resin layer in contact with the electrochromic layer at longitudinal ends of the electrochromic layer in a layer lamination direction, wherein the electrochromic layer contains a polymerized product of an oxidatively color-developable electrochromic composition containing a radical-polymerizable compound, and the sealant resin layer contains a thermosetting material.

An assembly for use with an optical component, the assembly including a first plurality of optical devices positioned along a light axis and aligned with one or more pixels of an optoelectronic component, wherein the first plurality of optical devices are configured to receive light at a light receiving angle along the light axis at a first end of the plurality of optical devices and controllably alter the angle of light exiting the plurality of optical devices at an angle divergent to the light receiving angle at a second end of the plurality of optical devices.