A liquid lens of the present invention includes a first plate including a cavity in which a conductive liquid and a nonconductive liquid are disposed; a first electrode disposed on the first plate; a second electrode disposed under the first plate; a second plate disposed on the first electrode; and a third plate disposed under the second electrode, wherein the second plate includes a first region having a first thickness, the first region encompassing an optical axis, and a second region extended from the first region and having a second thickness greater than the first thickness, and the location of the upper surface of the first region is lower than the location of the upper surface of the second region.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interface comprising and/or related to a tunable electro-optic lens device comprising a first substrate comprising a first electrode layer that comprises a first plurality of ring electrodes that form a first resistive divider network, and a second substrate comprising a second electrode layer.

Provided is an electronic apparatus including a panel device including a plurality of image display pixels and a plurality of image sensing elements, wherein each image sensing element is disposed between the plurality of image display pixels, an optical element disposed on an upper portion of the panel device, wherein the plurality of image sensing elements are configured to sense an incident light through the optical element, a viewing zone adjusting assembly configured to adjust a field of view (FOV) of the plurality of image sensing elements, and a processor configured to control the viewing zone adjusting assembly to adjust the FOV of at least one image sensing element, and control the panel device to display an image generated based on the sensed incident light.

A freeform varifocal optical assembly includes at least three optical modules including a first plurality of optical elements including Pancharatnam-Berry phase (PBP) lenses, polarization sensitive hologram (PSH) lenses, metamaterials, or combinations thereof. The plurality of optical elements of each optical module include a property associated with a Zernike polynomial. Each of the first and the three optical modules are configurable between a plurality of optical powers. The freeform varifocal optical assembly is configurable to output a predetermined wavefront in response to an input wavefront.

An electrically-switchable flexible contact lens for conforming to an eye of a user is provided. The lens comprises a liquid crystal cell for changing a focal power of the contact lens, and the liquid crystal cell has a cell gap thickness between a first inner surface and a second inner surface, the liquid crystal cell comprising a diffractive optical element for correcting the vision of a user, wherein the diffractive optical element is arranged to maintain the cell gap thickness by providing support at one or more locations within the cell.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a display panel, a third transparent substrate, a light-emitting element, and a modulation element. The display panel includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, a first liquid crystal layer of a polymer dispersed type held. The third transparent substrate has a first end portion. The light-emitting element is opposed to the first end portion. The modulation element includes a fourth transparent substrate and a fifth transparent substrate disposed between the light-emitting element and the first end portion, a second liquid crystal layer, and control electrodes for applying voltage to the second liquid crystal layer.

Resistive bridges can connect many ring electrodes in an electro-active lens with a relatively small number of buss lines. These resistors are usually large to prevent excessive current consumption. Conventionally, they are disposed in the same plane as the ring electrodes, which means that the ring electrodes are spaced farther apart or made discontinuous to accommodate the resistors. But spacing the ring electrodes farther apart or making them discontinuous degrades the lens's optical quality. Placing the ring electrodes and resistors on layers separated by an insulator makes it possible for the ring electrodes to be closer together and continuous with resistance high enough to limit current consumption. It also relaxes constraints on feature sizes and placement during the process used to make the lens. And because the resistors and electrodes are on different planes, they can be formed of materials with different resistivities.

A varifocal lens is provided. A varifocal lens includes: a transparent substrate having a plate shape; a first lens layer stacked on a first area formed on one surface of the transparent substrate; a second lens layer stacked on a second area which is spaced apart from the first area and formed on the one surface of the transparent substrate; and a power supply connected to the first lens layer and the second lens layer to, based on the second lens layer, apply a first voltage to the first lens layer. The power supply may adjust the first voltage and change a refractive index of light, which is incident on the other surface of the transparent substrate and transmitted toward the one surface of the transparent substrate, to adjust a focal length.

An optical device (3) comprising a light transmitting electrode layer (2) provided onto a light transmitting carrier (15), wherein a conductive layer (6) is provided on the first electrode layer (2), the conductive layer establishing a connecting area (4), the conductive layer having a thickness being significantly larger than the thickness of the electrode layer (2), and wherein the electrode layer (2) and carrier (15) show a perforation in the connecting area, the perforation being at least partially filled with a conductive material (7) which is further connected to a conductive element (1) thereby establishing an electrical connection between the electrode layer (2) and the conductive element (1) via the conductive layer (6) and the conductive material.

There is provided a display apparatus to focus light for a user. The apparatus comprises a tuneable lens having controllable optical properties, an eye-tracker device to determine a position at which the user is looking, and circuitry to control the optical properties of the tuneable lens to bring an object at the depth of the position into focus for the user. A method of focusing light is also provided. The method comprises determining a position at which the user is looking and controlling optical properties of a tuneable lens to bring an object at the depth of the position into focus for the user.