In a vat polymerization printer, a beam scanner scans a light beam across a mask and into a tank containing a photo-curable resin. The mask has pixels configurable to be individually transparent or opaque to portions of the light beam, which has a diameter greater than a cross-sectional dimension of the pixels of the mask. During an exposure time duration, a first subset of the pixels are controlled to be transparent at locations corresponding to the cross section of a three-dimensional object to be printed, while a second subset of the pixels are controlled to be opaque at locations not corresponding to the cross section of the three-dimensional object. The beam scanner is controlled to scan the light beam across the mask such that the light beam is always incident on at least one of the pixels of the mask that are controlled to be transparent.

An optical system capable of routing primary and secondary high power lasers through a blocking switch is described.

An optical system capable of routing primary and secondary high power lasers through a blocking switch is described.

A control processor performs, in a startup sequence of an IQ optical modulator using a nested MZI, a first-stage process of controlling, so that a signal quality of an optical QAM signal output from a monitor port of the IQ optical modulator approaches a target quality, a voltage applied by a Bias_I voltage generator to I-component MZ optical modulator, a voltage applied by a Bias_Q voltage generator to a Q-component MZ optical modulator, and a voltage applied by a Bias_Ph voltage generator to a Bias_Ph phase adjusting means for controlling an optical path length of a parent MZI. After a completion of the first-stage process, the control processor changes a voltage output from the Bias_Ph voltage generator by a predetermined amount.

A control processor performs, in a startup sequence of an IQ optical modulator using a nested MZI, a first-stage process of controlling, so that a signal quality of an optical QAM signal output from a monitor port of the IQ optical modulator approaches a target quality, a voltage applied by a Bias_I voltage generator to I-component MZ optical modulator, a voltage applied by a Bias_Q voltage generator to a Q-component MZ optical modulator, and a voltage applied by a Bias_Ph voltage generator to a Bias_Ph phase adjusting means for controlling an optical path length of a parent MZI. After a completion of the first-stage process, the control processor changes a voltage output from the Bias_Ph voltage generator by a predetermined amount.

Provided are a switchable viewing angle display module and a vehicle. The display module comprises a viewing angle switching panel, a liquid crystal display panel, and a driver circuit. The viewing angle switching panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate, a dye liquid crystal layer, and a drive electrode layer. The drive electrode layer is disposed on a side of the first substrate and/or the second substrate facing the dye liquid crystal layer. The drive electrode layer includes a plurality of drive electrodes arranged sequentially along a first direction, and an interval of a preset length is set between two adjacent ones of the plurality of drive electrodes. The driver circuit is electrically connected to the plurality of drive electrodes, respectively and configured to provide sequentially increasing drive voltages to the plurality of drive electrodes arranged sequentially along the first direction.

A beam separator has a composite prism having an external input face and an external output face co-planar to the input face. At least one polarization beam splitter surface is encased within the composite prism and has an edge that defines a boundary between the external input face and the external output face. A first reflective surface is disposed to redirect, along a direction orthogonal to the input face, light of a first polarization that reflects from the at least one polarization beam splitter.

A beam separator has a composite prism having an external input face and an external output face co-planar to the input face. At least one polarization beam splitter surface is encased within the composite prism and has an edge that defines a boundary between the external input face and the external output face. A first reflective surface is disposed to redirect, along a direction orthogonal to the input face, light of a first polarization that reflects from the at least one polarization beam splitter.

Low power and/or low footprint optical communication technologies that support short to medium range exoatmospheric communications and provide bidirectional communication with nearly spherical coverage.

Low power and/or low footprint optical communication technologies that support short to medium range exoatmospheric communications and provide bidirectional communication with nearly spherical coverage.