Disclosed is an optical component, being configured to function as an optical frequency converter in a broadband radiation source device. The optical component comprises a gas cell, and a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber at least partially enclosed within said gas cell. The local cavity volume of said gas cell, where said hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is enclosed within the gas cell, comprises a maximum value of 36 cm.sup.3 per cm of length of said hollow-core photonic crystal fiber.

A periodically poled microring resonator structure, a method for fabrication of the periodically poled microring resonator structure, and a method to achieve giant single-photon nonlinearity are disclosed. The strong single-photon nonlinearity in the microring resonator structure is achieved through its optimized design and fabrication procedures.

A display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel; light sources configured to emit blue light; a reflective sheet including a first edge portion and a second edge portion, wherein a plurality of holes are disposed on the reflective sheet, the plurality of holes includes a first hole, a second hole, and a third hole, the first hole is disposed at a first distance from an edge of the first edge portion, the second hole is disposed at a second distance from the edge of the first edge portion, and the third hole is disposed at the first distance from the edge of the first edge portion, wherein the second distance is greater than the first distance; and pluralities of light conversion dots disposed around the first, second, and third holes, respectively, wherein the third hole is disposed on an overlap portion of the first and second edge portions.

A photonic device and a continuous-wave THz signal generator using such photonic device. The photonic device includes an input waveguide arranged to receive input waves of at least two input frequencies and to generate photons at an output frequency associated with the at least two input frequencies; an output waveguide coupled to the input waveguide and arranged to collect the generated photons at the output frequency; wherein the output waveguide is further arranged to facilitate an amplification of the generated photons as the generated photons propagates along the output waveguide and arranged to output an amplified signal at the output frequency.

Disclosed is an optical component, being configured to function as an optical frequency converter in a broadband radiation source device. The optical component comprises a gas cell, and a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber at least partially enclosed within said gas cell. The local cavity volume of said gas cell, where said hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is enclosed within the gas cell, comprises a maximum value of 36 cm.sup.3 per cm of length of said hollow-core photonic crystal fiber.

An EUV radiation light source generation apparatus includes a pump laser, at least one pulse shaping unit, a wavelength conversion unit, and a high-order harmonics generation unit. The pump laser provides a pulse laser radiation beam. Each pulse shaping unit conducts a spectrum extending operation and a phase compensation operation to the pulse laser radiation beam. The phase compensation operation makes multiple frequency components of the pulse laser radiation beam emitted by the pulse shaping unit to be substantially in phase. The wavelength conversion unit conducts a center wavelength conversion operation to the pulse laser radiation beam. The high-order harmonics generation unit receives the pulse laser radiation beam processed by the pulse shaping unit and the center wavelength conversion operation, and focuses the received pulse laser radiation beam to a high order harmonic generation medium to generate a high order harmonic radiation beam.

A method and a system are provided to simultaneously generate blue-shifted and red-shifted femtosecond light sources with tunable spectral peak location and bandwidth, by controlling the input condition (chirp/spectrum) of a fiber-optic nonlinear propagation. The system comprises (A) a seed source, (B) a driving current controller to regulate the spectrum of the seed source, (C) a dispersion controller to control the chirp and pulse width of the seed source, (D) a fiber-optic spectral conversion module to shape and broaden the laser spectrum via fiber-optic nonlinear processes, and (E) a spectral selection module to filter out the required wave packets. With the simultaneous uses of the driving current controller and the dispersion controller, the light sources feature continuously tunable spectral peak with (1) a relatively constant output pulse energy or (2) a tunable spectral bandwidth at a specific peak location.

Disclosed is an optical component, being configured to function as an optical frequency converter in a broadband radiation source device. The optical component comprises a gas cell, and a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber at least partially enclosed within said gas cell. The local cavity volume of said gas cell, where said hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is enclosed within the gas cell, comprises a maximum value of 36 cm.sup.3 per cm of length of said hollow-core photonic crystal fiber.

A quasi-deterministic single-photon source and method of generating single photons on demand are disclosed. The single-photon source includes photon pair generation for generating a heralding and heralded photon in a frequency-correlated photon pair, a single-photon spectrometer adapted to detect the heralding photon and to generate an output signal that is indicative of the frequency of the detected heralding photon, a pulse shaper arrangement for reshaping a broadband pulse, and an optical frequency conversion means for converting, upon irradiation with a reshaped pulse, a heralded photon into a single output photon with deterministic source frequency. The pulse shaper arrangement is configured to select, based on the spectrometer output signal, only frequency components of the broadband pulse that substantially coincide with the heralding photon frequency or with a constant detuning thereof.

An optical source (100) comprising a supercontinuum generation apparatus comprising a pump light source (102), a twisted photonic crystal fibre, PCF, (104) and a wideband quarter-wave retarder (106). The pump light source is arranged to provide circularly polarised pump light. The twisted PCF is arranged to receive the pump light and to convert the pump light into circularly polarised supercontinuum light. The wideband quarter-wave retarder is arranged to convert the circularly polarised supercontinuum light into linearly polarised supercontinuum light. The optical source may additionally comprise a wavelength tunable bandpass optical filter arranged to transmit the linearly polarised supercontinuum light at wavelengths within a selected range.