A photonic device structure includes: an electro-optical structure including a layer of optical material sandwiched by a pair of electrodes, wherein the layer of optical material is arranged to undergo an electro-optic activity when subjected to a voltage bias across the pair of electrodes; and a cladding layer adjacent to the electro-optical structure.

According to the present invention, a pulsed laser output section outputs a laser beam having a predetermined wavelength as first pulses. An optical path determining section receives the first pulses and determines one or more among two or more optical paths for each of the first pulses for output. A wavelength changing section receives light beams travelling, respectively, through the two or more optical paths and, when the power of the traveling light beams exceeds a threshold value, changes the light beams to have their respective different wavelengths for output. A multiplexer multiplexes outputs from the wavelength changing section. The optical path determining section allows for change in the power ratio between a first power of the light beam traveling through one of two among the two or more optical paths and a second power of the light beam traveling through the other of the two optical paths.

A nonlinear crystal comprising a first end face and an opposing second end face is described. The first and second end faces are separated along an optical axis of the nonlinear crystal by a length in the range of 0.25 mm and 2 mm. Although the length of the nonlinear crystal results in a reduction in the nonlinear effects induced on an optical field propagating through the crystal it also provides for reduced deviation experienced by the generated optical field when the nonlinear crystal is rotated. Therefore, when the nonlinear crystals are incorporated within an enhancement cavity their reduced length allows for the deviation of the output field to be minimised by servo control electronics arranged to adjust a single cavity mirror. This significantly reduces the complexity, and thus expensive of the servo control electronics when compared to those employed with the prior art enhancement cavities.

An optical parametric oscillator and method for generating coherent signal light involve a resonant optical cavity for coherent signal light, and in the cavity a non-parametric gain element for amplifying the coherent signal light to only partially compensate for passive optical roundtrip losses, thereby obtaining lower effective roundtrip losses. A parametric gain element is arranged in the cavity, for converting coherent pump light into coherent signal light through an instantaneous nonlinear optical interaction. The parametric oscillator has means for adjusting an intracavity optical power of the coherent pump light above a threshold value, where the parametric gain is balancing the effective roundtrip losses, thus inducing sustained oscillations of the signal light in the optical cavity. The non-parametric gain element is configured to have a limited non-parametric gain over a gain bandwidth of the parametric gain element, which is less than the passive optical roundtrip losses in the gain bandwidth.

A method of generating broadband output radiation and associated broadband radiation source. The method includes generating pulses of input radiation having a duration between 50fs and 400fs and having a rise time of less than 60fs; and exciting a working medium within a hollow core fiber with the pulses of input radiation.

Disclosed is a device for interaction between a laser beam and a hyperfine energy transition of a chemical species. The device further includes an electro-optic modulator with a single sideband with an input optical waveguide suitable for receiving a source laser beam and an output optical waveguide suitable for generating an output laser beam and an electronic system suitable for generating and applying, simultaneously, a first modulated electrical signal, sin(Ω.sub.1t)) to a first hyperfrequency pulse on a first high-frequency electrode of the electro-optic modulator and, respectively, another modulated electrical signal, cos(Ω.sub.1t)) to the first pulse on another high-frequency electrode of the electro-optic modulator, in such a way as to frequency-switch the output laser beam to a first optical frequency offset from the first pulse with respect to the initial optical frequency.

A broadband light source device for creating broadband light pulses includes a hollow-core fiber and a pump laser source device. The hollow-core fiber is configured to create the broadband light pulses by an optical non-linear broadening of pump laser pulses. The hollow-core fiber includes a filling gas, an axial hollow light guiding fiber core configured to support core modes of a guided light field, and an inner fiber structure surrounding the fiber core and configured to support transverse wall modes of the guided light field. The pump laser source device is configured to create and provide the pump laser pulses at an input side of the hollow-core fiber. The transverse wall modes include a fundamental transverse wall mode and second and higher order transverse wall modes.

A broadband light source device for creating broadband light pulses includes a hollow-core fiber and a pump laser source device. The hollow-core fiber is configured to create the broadband light pulses by an optical non-linear broadening of pump laser pulses. The hollow-core fiber includes a filling gas, an axial hollow light guiding fiber core configured to support core modes of a guided light field, and an inner fiber structure surrounding the fiber core and configured to support transverse wall modes of the guided light field. The pump laser source device is configured to create and provide the pump laser pulses at an input side of the hollow-core fiber. The transverse wall modes include a fundamental transverse wall mode and second and higher order transverse wall modes.

A wavelength conversion system according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a first crystal holder holding a first non-linear crystal, a second crystal holder holding a second non-linear crystal, a third crystal holder holding a third non-linear crystal, and a container housing the holders. The container has an entrance window and an emission window. The first non-linear crystal, the second non-linear crystal, and the third non-linear crystal are disposed in this order on an optical path of a laser beam traveling from the entrance window to the emission window. The crystal holders are rotatable. A first rotational axis that is a rotational axis of the first crystal holder is orthogonal to a second rotational axis that is a rotational axis of the second crystal holder, and the first rotational axis is parallel to a third rotational axis that is a rotational axis of the third crystal holder.

A wavelength converter for LiDAR systems, such as automotive LiDAR, is disclosed. Implementation of the wavelength converter in LiDAR systems makes possible generation and modulation of laser light in the silicon response region, conversion of the laser light to an eye-safe wavelength for emission and reflection from a target, and efficient conversion of the wavelength of the laser light to the silicon response region. The wavelength converter may implement a single-loop counter-propagating wavelength conversion scheme which provides both up-conversion and down-conversion of the signal within the same loop. The wavelength conversion design also has the potential for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication to enable a combined LiDAR and V2V communication system.